Texas Power Failure: Winter Storm Uri (and Minnesota)

A winter storm was moving across North America a couple weeks back.

By February 15, when The Texas Tribune posted Miguel Gutierrez Jr.’s photo of Austin’s Interstate 35 near Stassney Lane, we were dealing with sub-zero (Fahrenheit) temperatures and serious windchill.

And, for the most part, dealing successfully.

I live in central Minnesota.

The mid-February storm included temperatures that were unusually cold, compared to the last 50 years.

February 6-17th, 2021 Arctic Blast
Aberdeen, SD, Weather Forecast Office; National Weather Service

“…The coldest days of the outbreak for many occurred on Sat, Feb 13th when Minnesota set a preliminary daily state record low temperature of -50 F (25 mi E of Ely) and Sun, Feb 14th (Valentine’s Day) when local low temperatures dropped into the -20s and -30s F. Minimum wind chills of -35 to -55 F were recorded on several mornings as well….
“…The magnitude of the cold during this outbreak is fairly rare when compared to the past 50 years, at least in terms of the persistence of the Arctic air, more closely resembling outbreaks from the late 1800s and the first half of the 1900s in some locations….”

After the Storm: Routine Street Maintenance Here, Power Failure in Texas

Sauk Centre’s plows had our streets cleared hours after the snow stopped falling. Central Minnesota’s power grid didn’t fail. I figure that’s why we’ve been hearing about power failure and death in Texas, not Minnesota.

I’ve also seen news coverage shift: from hardship and deaths caused by an infrastructure collapse, to blame games.

And, of course, why Texas needs federal control of its power grid. Or why Texans can handle their affairs without outside interference.

My opinion is that I don’t live in Texas — and don’t know nearly enough to have a reasoned opinion on who should control what in that state.

Neither of which will keep me from talking about what growing up in the Upper Midwest, and spending most of my life here, suggests about this month’s storm and power failure.

Texas, Minnesota and Near-Worst-Case Scenarios

U.S. Weather Service map (February 14, 2021)

I don’t know why at least parts of the Texas power grid hadn’t been winterized. Or who made the decision. Or, for that matter, whether the question had ever been considered.

Here in Minnesota, having winterized equipment is no virtue. Over the course of a year, we experience near-tropical weather, near-arctic conditions and everything in between.

As I see it, that encourages us to not take stupid chances. But even with state and local zoning laws and other regulations, every year I hear about someone not coming back from ice fishing. Or a house fire caused by glitchy equipment. Or some other preventable tragedy.

What can I say? We’re human.

I figure the same goes for Texans. Except they don’t have the advantage of being exposed to a full range of near-worst-case scenarios every year. We do.

Perceptions

U.S. Weather Service map (February 15, 17, 2021)We have power grid failures, but not often. Happily, the ones I’ve experienced didn’t last more than hours. Not days.

And, like most residential structures up here, the house I live in is insulated well enough to retain heat. Long enough, so far, to keep pipes from freezing before power comes back.

I was born in 1951, in the Red River Valley of the North. I remember 1950s weather, and learned about earlier events from my parents. That may help explain why winters seem wimpy these days.

Spending the last few decades in central Minnesota may be a factor, too. By my standards, this is almost ‘down south.’

Texas — is huge, even by American standards. Depending on where you live, you’ll deal with Köppen’s hot or cold desert, hot-summer Mediterranean, humid subtropical and other climate types.

Texans, wherever they live, experience seasons.

A normal February exposes folks in Amarillo, for example, to high temperatures around 49° Fahrenheit, plunging to 23° at night.

That’s cold, no question.

Minnesota, Land of Four Seasons: Autumn, Winter, Spring and Road Work

My corner of Sauk Centre, MN. (January 19, 2021)It’s also what folks in St. Cloud, an hour down the road, can expect in late March.

February’s normal high and low is 27° and 7° — warmer than a typical January’s 21° and 2°.

That’s normal highs and lows, mind you. We’ve had January highs in the 50s and lows around -30. Fahrenheit.

Minnesota’s climate seems normal to me, but like I said: I was born around here, and have spent most of my life here.

That’s helped me learn to dress warmly in winter, not try driving on submerged roads, and prep the house and equipment for winter.

Or, in recent years, relax in the knowledge that others in the family are doing so. The one routine we’re not doing, which bothers me, is plugging in the vehicle’s headbolt heater.

The household can’t afford unnecessary expenses. A headbolt heater draws significant power while it’s keeping a vehicle’s engine block a bit warmer than the garage. So we haven’t been using it.

Which may or may not have been a good idea. We needed to plug the vehicle’s battery into a charger a couple time during the recent cold snap.

I’m willing to guess that the headbolt heater would have consumed more power over months of use than the charger did. And that’s almost another topic.

One down side of living in Minnesota is that I need clothing, shelter and equipment that’s usable in near-tropical to near-arctic conditions.

Another is that I’m paying, through taxes and fees, for infrastructure maintenance. Which includes repairing weather-related damage. Our winters are rough on roads.

One up side is that I’m ready for the weather, or can be. And the weather is not boring.

(Mostly) Prepared

After freezing fog, here in Sauk Centre, Minnesota's south side. (January 2, 2021)I can’t say that Minnesotans are prepared for anything. Earthquakes, for example, are very uncommon here. I’m not sure how our structures would hold up.

Hurricanes are a no-show, too. Hardly surprising, since Sauk Centre, Minnesota is about 1,200 miles north of Austin, Texas. And about as far away from Earth’s ocean.

In any case, our summer storms provide us with pretty good hurricane simulations. Something we’re missing are low-flying palm trees, and that’s yet another topic.

Seriously: Truth, Justice, Mercy and Love

I see it’s been a while since I explained why blaming a dyspeptic deity and/or ‘those sinners over there’ makes no sense to me.

So here’s a short version.

Disasters happen. Like folks getting killed when a tower at Siloam fell on them. God doesn’t have anger management issues. Seeing the Almighty as irritable, or worse, is our problem: not God’s. We’ve had a warped image of God for a very long time. (Luke 13:4; Catechism of the Catholic Church, 399)

Now, about finding out what went wrong and who can be blamed. This can get tricky.

Not learning what went wrong, why and whodunit. That can be tricky, too, in its own way; and that’s yet again another topic. I’m looking at deciding what to do once the what, how and who is known.

Truth and justice are important. The same goes for mercy and helping each other. (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 2447, 2472, 24752487)

If I’d lost family and friends because someone who should have known better made daft decisions, I’d be angry. Very angry.

But I hope I’d remember what our Lord said about the core of ‘the law and the prophets.’

I should love my neighbor. And see everyone as my neighbor. No exceptions. (Matthew 5:4344, 22:3640, Mark 12:2831; Luke 10:2537; Catechism, 1706, 1776, 1825, 18491851, 1955)

I’ve talked about this before:


More than you may want to know about:

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Sauk Centre’s Adoration Chapel: (Not) Back to Normal

St. Paul's Church and its new addition. The St. Faustina Adoration Chapel is to your left.My town’s Eucharistic Adoration chapel isn’t back to normal.

But it’s getting there.

We’ve been limited to scheduled folks only, two individuals/households max, with face masks, using hand sanitizer and keeping six feet apart.

Now it’s the same thing, but 10 individuals/households max. Which explains the non-scheduled folks I saw there today.

I’d prefer no masks, no hand sanitizer and no distancing.

While I’m at it — I’d prefer being outrageously wealthy, with top publishers and studios driving my staff bonkers with constant questions about my next bestselling mega-hit. But then again, maybe not. And that’s another topic.

So I’ll be pleased at a change in (new) routines that’s less restrictive than what we’ve been dealing with. And I’ll keep writing and researching. Not necessarily in that order.

Which reminds me. Here’s that seemingly-inevitable list of somewhat-related stuff:

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First Sunday in Lent, 2021: But Mostly the Lord’s Prayer

Today’s Gospel, Mark 1:1215, is a sort of segue between our Lord’s baptism and recruitment of brothers Simon and Andrew, then James son of Zebedee and John.

All four were in the fishing industry, and that’s another topic.

Mark summarizes Jesus the Nazarene’s 40-day fast in 33 words. That’s 33 words in my native language, English. In a particular translation of Sacred Scripture.

And that, finally, gets me to Matthew 6:913, which was the Tuesday Gospel for February 20, 2018. And, more to the point, an example of the Lord’s Prayer.

I say the Lord’s Prayer several times a day. Which doesn’t me particularly pious or permeated with virtue. It’s more that take my faith seriously.

Anyway, the Lord’s Prayer is very, very important. (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 27592760, 27612772, ff)

And more tightly-packed with ideas than most of what our Lord said. Which is saying something, and that’s yet another topic.

My version of the Lord’s prayer has me saying “lead us not into temptation” near the end.

That’s odd on at least two levels.

First, my daily prayer routines are solo. It’s just me, God plus all the angels and Saints. Which isn’t exactly solo, and that’s — yet again another topic.

Second, “lead us not into temptation??!”

What, if I don’t ask nicely, God’s going to shove me into a life of sin and infamy?

Or, from some perspectives, a life of enlightenment and recognition. And I am not going to wander into that labyrinthine rabbit hole. Which is an odd metaphor. Or maybe not so much. Rabbit warrens can be topologically complex.

Prayer and Priorities (or) It’s Greek to Me

March 15, 1915: Billy Sunday giving another rip-roaring performance.Okay. I mentioned today’s Gospel, prayer and something odd in the Lord’s Prayer.

I’m a Catholic, so I don’t have to make up my own version of what a Bible verse means, or accept what some dude with stage presence says.

My language’s “lead us not into temptation” comes from an effort to translate a Greek verb into a Germanic language.

“…the Greek means both ‘do not allow us to enter into temptation’ and ‘do not let us yield to temptation.’ ‘God cannot be tempted by evil and he himself tempts no one’; on the contrary, he wants to set us free from evil. We ask him not to allow us to take the way that leads to sin. … this petition implores the Spirit of discernment and strength.”
(Catechism, 2846)

I don’t know how or why the two options mentioned in the Catechism weren’t used in my language’s Lord’s Prayer.

Maybe I’ll dig that out from the last half-millennium or so of records. Eventually. Or, more likely, I won’t.

Interesting as that bit of lore is, its priority is low.

It’s simply not worth chasing.

Besides, even if I learned how and why the Greek-to-English translation happened, I’d still have the original-to-Greek question. Which isn’t quite another topic: and is something I may be looking into. One of these days. Maybe.

There’s more to say about all of the above. Some of which I’ve said before:

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Perseverance Landing: Pictures From JPL and Mars

Picking up where I left off yesterday, Perseverance is on Mars.

The UAE’s Hope (Misabar Al Amal) and China’s Tianwen-1 had already arrived.

Misabar Al Amal is historically important. It’s the UAE’s first Mars orbiter.

But today I’ll be talking about Perseverance, JPL, NASA — but mostly how I feel about yesterday’s and today’s events.

Which reminds me. NASA released a couple more images today. They’re at the end of this journal entry.

As for how I’m feeling, and why, what I said a couple years back pretty much says it all.

“I’m one of those folks who read dictionaries for fun. If I had more finely-tuned social skills, I might be a geek. I’ve been told I’m a nerd. I won’t deny it….”
(“Be Not Afraid of Geekness” (April 6, 2019))

About the pictures:

  • Eight are screen captures from NASA/JPL coverage of the Mars 2020 landing
  • The selfie Perseverance took during landing is from NASA/JPL-Caltech
  • The image from Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter’s HiRISE camera is from NASA/JPL-Caltech/University of Arizona
  • The ‘geek/nerd’ cartoon is from someone using 909sickle as a moniker

Now, the pictures and my off-the-cuff comments. Which may or may not have anything to do with the pictures.

JPL mission control, right after I started watching. Doesn’t look all that different from the Johnson Spaceflight Center’s mission control during the Apollo flights. A tad more streamlined, different color scheme. Folks wearing face masks. Okay. That’s different.

Traditional Peanuts

You can’t have a mission without peanuts. Well, that actually is an option.

But back in the day, folks at JPL did their jobs while Rangers 1 through 6 failed.

Ranger 7 hit Earth’s moon, as planned and sent back pictures before doing so. Celebration ensued. And someone noticed that 1 through 6 had been peanut-free, but peanuts were available at mission control for 7: the one that worked.

Folks at JPL aren’t, I figure, superstitious. But I don’t blame them for having a “peanut” tradition, dating back to Ranger 7. I talked about that last year. (July 30, 2020)

This year was different. Pandemic precautions being what they are, JPL’s crew arranged for small peanut packs – and a reasonably cautious ‘one peanut under the mask’ procedure.

And Perseverance landed safely. I’m not superstitious — that’s not an option — but I have to problem with traditions. Including those involving peanuts.

JPL Jubilation

Another angle on JPL’s mission control. Like I said: sleeker tech, different colors. But pretty much like the Sixties, back in Houston.

One of the folks manning JPL’s mission control in 2021. Wait a minute. “Manning??”

Some things have changed.

I don’t yearn for the ‘good old days,’ and I’ve talked about that before. A lot.

Touchdown confirmed. Perseverance on Mars and apparently in good shape.

Carefully-spaced celebration back on Earth.

First image from Perseverance. From, I gather, an engineering camera. Not the best quality, in part because dust from the landing hasn’t settled yet. I think I heard that the transparent lens cap was still on, too.

Second picture from Percy/Perseverance. From another engineering camera. I don’t know why both are black and white – bandwidth, maybe??

A Selfie and a Snapshot

Now that’s a selfie! Perseverance being lowered into Jezero Crater.

I have one word for this. And the next picture. Wow.

Or would that be two words? One wow for each? Never mind.

Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter’s HiRISE camera caught this view of western Jezero Crater and the Mars 2020 mission’s parachute descent phase. Like I said, wow.

That’s about it for now. I wanted to share those pictures, and my enthusiasm for what’s happening on and around Mars, and I’ve now done that.

Next, the seemingly-inevitable links to somewhat-related stuff:

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Perseverance on Mars: February 18, 2021


(Mars 2020 getting ready for launch last year.)

I’ll be looking at NASA’s Mars 2020 Ingenuity helicopter, the spacecraft, and an experimental oxygen generator.

With a quick look at news of the mission’s landing this afternoon.


Outward Bound: July 30, 2020

Mars 2020 in flight. (July 30, 2020)

Mars 2020’s launch, last July, wasn’t perfect. Takeoff was a few milliseconds early.

Once in orbit, the spacecraft’s onboard computer noticed unexpected conditions, shut down all but vital systems, and radioed mission controllers that it was in safe mode.

The next day we learned that the spacecraft had cooled off more than expected while in Earth’s shadow. Non-vital systems were powered back up. And, as JPL deputy project manager Matt Wallace said, “Next stop, Jezero Crater.” (July 30-31, 2020)

Meanwhile, I’d been following NASA’s online coverage. And saving screenshots.

Mars 2020 Launch in Pictures and Video

3:09 after liftoff. (July 30, 2020)
(Three minutes and nine seconds after liftoff. Attitude control jet is firing. (July 30, 2020))

5:27 after liftoff. (July 30, 2020)
(Five minutes and 27 seconds after liftoff. (July 30, 2020))

Just shy of two and a half hours of NASA’s Mars 2020 launch coverage is still available on YouTube:


Experiments, Acronyms and a Helicopter

Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California.
(From Alan Mak, via Wikimedia Commons, used w/o permission.)
(Jet Propulsion Laboratory Control Room. (2005))

Let’s see. Last year I said I’d be talking about the first Martian helicopter, biosignatures and the MOXI experiment at some unspecified future date.

I got around to briefly discussing biosignatures last month. (January 16, 2021)

Recapping, biosignatures are something we can measure that indicates biological processes: life. Oxygen in Earth’s atmosphere, for example.

Today I’ll be talking about the MOXI experiment.

After taking a look at the Mars 2020 spacecraft.

New Spacecraft, Old(ish) Technology


(From JPL/NASA, used w/o permission.)
(Mars 2020 Flight System in Launch / Cruise Configuration.)

The Mars 2020 Flight System includes new technology. But this isn’t our first flight to Mars. Some of the tech was designed for the 2011 Mars Science Laboratory mission and Curiosity rover. Some of the MSL systems needed tweaking for Mars 2020.1

Acronyms (Mostly) Deciphered

JPL/NASA's Figure 6. Mars 2020 flight system in the Launch / Cruise Configuration. (2014-2017)
(From JPL/NASA, used w/o permission.)
(Mars 2020 flight system illustration.)

MSL is technospeak for Mars Science Laboratory, a mission launched in 2011. After a little digging, I learned what other acronyms in that illustration mean.

  • BTP: Build-to-Print
  • CEDL: Cruise, Entry, Descent and Landing
  • EDL Cameras: Entry, Descent and Landing Cameras
  • EECAMs: Enhanced Engineering Cameras
  • FSW: JPL Flight Software
  • gDRT: high pressure gas-driven dust removal tool
  • GN&C: Guidance, Navigation and Control
  • MEDLI2: Mars Entry, Descent, and Landing Instrumentation
  • MSL: Mars Science Laboratory
  • TDS: Terminal Descent Sensor
  • TRN: Terrain Relative Navigation (a technology for improving EDL capabilities)

T-0 Purge, though: that’s still a mystery.

My guess is that it’s a T-something gaseous purge system that’s designed to get toxic or damaging chemicals away from instruments and people. But that’s just a guess.

TRN, Terrain Relative Navigation, is something new. The Mars 2020 TRN system compares what it ‘sees’ during descent with images from orbital surveys. This lets the TRN system figure out where it is. And where it should go to land safely.2

Perseverance: a Rover With MOXIE

Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment (MOXIE).
(From NASA/JPL-Caltech, used w/o permission.)
(Lowering MOXIE into the Perseverance rover. (March 21, 2019))

MOXIE is the Mars Oxygen In-Situ Resource Utilization Experiment.

It’s very roughly the size of a car battery, 9.4 by 9.4 by 12.2 inches, weighs around 33 pounds and should produce up to 10 grams of oxygen per hour.

That’s nowhere near enough for astronauts on Mars. But that’s not MOXIE’s mission. MOXIE, like the Mars 2020’s helicopter, is a technical demonstration. It’s there to see if what we figure should work, will work on Mars.

“…MOXIE makes oxygen like a tree does. It inhales carbon dioxide and exhales oxygen….”
(MOXIE, NASA)

That overview of MOXIE’s function isn’t wrong. MOXIE takes in Martian air, which isn’t quite pure carbon dioxide, and extracts the oxygen.

Photosynthetic organisms like trees do the same thing. Sort of. They take energy from sunlight, storing it in carbohydrates, with oxygen as a byproduct.

MOXIE works the same way. Except it uses electrical energy and a solid oxide electrolyzer cell (SOEC) to separate carbon dioxide into oxygen and carbon monoxide. Without, as far as I can tell, involving water.

MOXIE’s SOEC has a nonporous solid electrolyte between two porous electrodes.

Thermal dissociation and electrocatalysis liberates an oxygen atom from carbon dioxide. In other words, MOXIE’s SOEC heats Martian air and zaps it, breaking carbon dioxide into carbon and oxygen atoms.

Then oxygen ion valencies in the electrolyte’s crystal lattice transport oxygen ions to an electrolyte-anode interface. Uff da. more technojargon. I’ll say that electricity sorts what SOEC makes into oxygen and carbon atoms. And leave it at that.

So MOXIE works just like trees.

Except for how it doesn’t.3

Augustin Thompson’s “Moxie Nerve Food”

Moxie logo. (ca. 1922)Starting around 1876, an enterprising New Englander promoted “Moxie Nerve Food” as a cure for pretty much everything.

Moxie was purportedly particularly potent for those suffering nervousness, insomnia, paralysis, and softening of the brain.

All of which are real health issues.

Moxie Nerve Food’s active ingredient was gentian root.

Moxie is still sold in New England. Unlike Bailey Radium Laboratories’ “Perpetual Sunshine,” Radithor. That stuff’s no longer available. Partly because Eben Byers, an enthusiastic imbiber, was eventually buried in a lead-lined coffin. And that’s another topic.

Thompson may or may not have gotten the name for his Moxie Nerve Food from an Abenaki word meaning “dark water.” Abenaki is an Algonquian language, spoken by folks not all that far from New England.4 so that’s possible.

Maybe an MIT scientist associated with the MOXIE experiment thought having oxygen generator named after a regional beverage was funny. Or maybe not. Either way:

MOXIE
NASA
The Story Behind the Name
“MOXIE is a short, snappy name for a tool that helps lead to human footprints on Mars. It helps humans explore Mars by making OXygen. It works “In situ” (in place) on the Red Planet, and is an Experiment
“‘Moxie’ can also be a personality trait. Someone with moxie is considered bold and adventurous, hardy and spirited! No one is sure, but the word may trace back to Native American place names for ‘dark water.’ In the late 1800s, people drank ‘Moxie,’ a tonic and later a soft drink. Because the drink claimed health benefits, people began using moxie to mean vitality and endurance. It surely endures in American vocabulary today! You can still drink Moxie in some old-time, nostalgic soda-pop shops today”

Ingenuity: “… Just to Show That You Can Do It”

NASA's Mars helicopter Ingenuity.
(From NASA, used w/o permission.)
(If successful, Ingenuity will make the first powered flight on Mars.)

Ingenuity’s mission is simple: fly at least once, within 30 days of Mars 2020’s landing in Jezero Crater. It’s a test flight.

Folks at Caltech’s JPL, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, have a short list of goals for Ingenuity:

  • Achieve powered flight
  • Show that its miniaturized avionics and motors work
  • Fly autonomously

We’ve got aircraft that do all of the above. On Earth.

Mars is another matter.

Its surface gravity is only a third of Earth’s. But its atmosphere is maybe 1% as thick as ours. That’s why Ingenuity’s rotors are about four feet across: 1.2 meters.

“Fly autonomously” is a fancy way of saying that Ingenuity pilots itself. Mission controllers tell it where to go, but Ingenuity works out how to get there. I’m oversimplifying the situation enormously. But that’s the gist.

We’ve got autonomous aircraft and miniaturized avionics, and powered flight stopped being a novelty a century back now.

But a self-piloting helicopter on Mars? That recharges itself with a solar array? That’s new.

Flying robots equipped for science missions on Mars will come later.

As a narrator said in this JPL video, “sometimes you have to do something just to show that you can do it.”

Ingenuity carries two cameras: one black and white, one color. Again, it’s mission is testing technology, not doing science.5

But as as Bob Balaram, JPL’s Mars Helicopter Chief Engineer said — “I’m sure we’ll return a few … because they … look cool.”

After Landing: Analysis, Collecting and Caching


(From NASA, used w/o permission.)
(The Perseverance rover’s caching strategy.)

Assuming that Perseverance lands safely — and as soon as the rover’s ‘is everything working’ checklist is finished — the rover will start using MEDA, PIXL, RIMFAX and SHERLOC.

That’s a weather station, X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and camera, ground-penetrating radar and something that uses Raman spectroscopy. All of which I plan on discussing later. Again, assuming that Perseverance lands safely.

There’s only so much lab equipment we can pack in one rover, so Perseverance will collect and store samples: leaving them in caches for later missions to collect and return to Earth.6


Picking a Landing Site: Location, Location, Location


(From JPL/NASA, used w/o permission.)
(Top three landing sites for Mars 2020 mission. (2017))

Jezero Crater may not have it all. But the former Martian lake was top choice from more than 60 candidate locations.

Landing on its now-dry river delta gives Perseverance access to at least five different kinds of rock. Plus, if there was life on Mars, that’s a spot where we may find its traces.

And some of Jezero Crater’s landforms are upwards of 3,600,000,000 years old. Even if there’s no trace of Martian life, we’ll learn more about planetary development.

That’s the good news.

The anxiety-generating news is that it’s a dangerous place to land. “Challenging,” as NASA puts it.7

I don’t envy mission planners. Prime real estate for science, like Jezero Crater, by definition isn’t the featureless and boring sort that is safe.

But getting back to good news.

Mars 2020 is smarter than earlier probes. JPL and NASA are, I figure, hoping that it’ll have a better chance at landing safely.

I hope so, too. And I figure that eventually we’ll be setting up Martian landing fields with maintenance facilities for our flying robots.

And — also eventually — scientists and technicians who prefer working in the field. Maybe some of them will decide that settling offworld makes sense. And that’s yet another topic.


Yesterday’s and Today’s News: Perseverance Landing


(From BBC News, used w/o permission.)

Nasa Mars rover: Perseverance robot heads for daunting landing
Jonathan Amos, BBC News (February 17, 2021)

The moment of truth has arrived for the US space agency’s Perseverance rover.

“…It’s got to put itself down safely on the Red Planet – a task that has befuddled so many spacecraft before it.

“But if Perseverance is successful, it has an amazing opportunity to find signs of past life on Mars.

“Never has a science mission gone to the planet with so sophisticated a suite of instruments; never has a robot been targeted at so promising a location….”

Emphasizing that last sentence. The Mars 2020 mission is high risk and high reward.

My guess is that some rewards won’t be obvious, or even known, until decades from now. Centuries, maybe.

And that, looking back, many of us will see exploring Mars as worth the risk.

And

NASA’s Perseverance Has Landed
Mission Updates, Mars 2020 Mission, NASA (February 18, 2021 (ca. 3:00 p.m. Minnesota time))

“Cheers erupted in mission control at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory as controllers confirmed that NASA’s Perseverance rover, with the Ingenuity Mars Helicopter attached to its belly, has touched down safely on Mars. Engineers are analyzing the data flowing back from the spacecraft.

“A postlanding briefing is expected at 5:30 p.m. EST (2:30 p.m. PST) on NASA TV and YouTube. …”

Perseverance has landed, sent back two ‘engineering camera’ pictures. The view isn’t great, partly because dust from the landing hasn’t settled yet.

It’s now 3:02 p.m. here in Minnesota. I’ll post this, and get back to following NASA coverage. “Excited” doesn’t quite fit how I feel, but it’ll do for now. Wow.


Miscellanea

USGS Astrogeology Science Center's image: Mars 2020 landing area.
(From USGS Astrogeology Science Center, used w/o permission.)
(Mars 2020 landing area, from the US Geological Survey Astrogeology Science Center.)

This isn’t the world I grew up in.

Back then, space travel was ‘science fiction’ for most folks.

So were computers and robots.

But instead of waxing nostalgic over the ‘good old days’ — seriously, does anyone really miss cholera, polio epidemics and smallpox? — I’ll talk about Hohmann transfer orbits and why seeking truth doesn’t bother me.

Walter Hohmann described minimum-energy elliptical orbits connecting two circular orbits “Die Erreichbarkeit der Himmelskörper”/”The Attainability of Celestial Bodies.” (1925)

We don’t use Hohmann transfer orbits for navigation. None of the Solar System’s planetary orbits are circular, Hohmann’s elliptical orbits assumed that changes in speed were instantaneous, and didn’t take planetary gravity into account.

But they’re a pretty good approximation of actual spacecraft paths. Which is why Mars missions launch at about 26-month intervals and arrive within days of each other.8

There’s more to say about Earth-Mars-Earth round trips, but that will wait.

One more point, and I’m done.

Beauty, Truth and Paying Attention

Studio Foglio's Mr. Squibbs.Why doesn’t space exploration and science bother me?

Basically, it’s because I don’t have a problem with seeking truth.

In fact, I think it’s a good idea.

I also think learning about God makes sense.

We’re in a universe packed with beauty and wonders.

I figure that all truth points toward God. (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 27, 3135, 41, 74, 2500)

Paying attention to the order and beauty surrounding us will, if we’re doing it right, help us learn about God. (Catechism, 3132, 3536, 301, 303306, 311, 319, 1704, 22932296)

I’ve talked about this before. Quite a bit:


1 Mars 2020 tech:

2 CEDL, gDRT, TRN and all that:

3 Extracting oxygen:

4 Mostly Moxie, a non-lethal patent medicine:

5 First Martian helicopter:

6 Mars 2020 science:

7 Mars 2020’s destination:

8 Getting there, in theory:

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