Blogsource Archive C50

from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-68097008 Jan. 25, 2024 Why has Alabama executed a man using nitrogen gas?
26th January 2024, 12:48 CST
By Mike WendlingBBC News and see https://www.bbc.com/news/world-45835584

from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-45835584 Jan. 25, 2024 How many countries still have the death penalty, and how many people are executed?
25th January 2024, 09:52 CST

from https://exhibits.law.harvard.edu/spectacle Jan. 29, 2024 "A Full & Correct Account of the Confession and Execution of John Pegsworth: Who was Executed this Morning for the Wilful Murder of Mr. John Holiday Ready, Tailor, of Ratcliff Highway, St. George's, East
1837?
Trials Broadside 461; HOLLIS no. 990070724110203941
At this execution scene, the focus is on the crowd itself. Engraved with crude strokes, the faces in the foreground resemble grotesquely grinning skulls, imparting the feeling of a macabre festival. A peddler in the center sells copies of the execution broadside while others sell food."

from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Population_of_the_United_States.webp Jan. 30, 2024 ssee https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Wikideas1 Description English: Population of the United States
Date 18 November 2022
Source Own work
https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SP.POP.TOTL
https://www.macrotrends.net/countries/USA/united-states/population-growth-rate
Author Wikideas1
I, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publish it under the following license:
Creative Commons CC-Zero This file is made available under the Creative Commons CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication.
The person who associated a work with this deed has dedicated the work to the public domain by waiving all of their rights to the work worldwide under copyright law, including all related and neighboring rights, to the extent allowed by law. You can copy, modify, distribute and perform the work, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.

from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:World_population_history.svg Jan. 30, 2024 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_population Description
English: World population 1950-2017, in billions.
Date 27 April 2011
Source Own work (Original text: Own work by uploader ; source figures now archived at https://web.archive.org/web/20060519101114/http://www.geohive.com/global/geo.php?xml=hist3&xsl=hist3)
Author Demmo, Conscious
Other versions Image:World population history.png
Demmo, Conscious, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publishes it under the following licenses:
GNU head Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled GNU Free Documentation License.
w:en:Creative Commons
attribution share alike This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.
Attribution: Demmo, Conscious

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:The_Triumph_of_Death_by_Pieter_Bruegel_the_Elder.jpg Jan. 30, 2024 Pieter Brueghel the Elder 'De triomf van de Doods' 'The Triumph of Death' (ca. 1562) oil on panel see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Triumph_of_Death

Feb. 5,2024 Google News search: exoplanet habitable (February 5, 2024)

from https://briankoberlein.com/blog/vanished-into-thin-air/ Feb. 5,2024 and see https://www.arxiv.org/abs/2401.16490

Feb. 6, 2024 see https://brendans-island.com/catholic-citizen/cancer-in-the-family/

from https://www.sciencealert.com/scientists-more-hopeful-than-ever-that-perseverance-has-already-found-life-on-mars Feb. 7, 2024

from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Volans_IAU.svg Feb. 7, 2024 IAU Volans chart IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine (Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg) see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volans https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_stars_in_Volans https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeta_Volantis

from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378078291_The_Cabrieres_Biota_France_provides_insights_into_Ordovician_polar_ecosystems see https://www.nbcrightnow.com/national/amateur-paleontologists-find-400-fossils-dating-back-millions-of-years-ago/article_d4a82d70-d50d-5481-914d-a659a370cc0f.html Feb. 12, 2024 Amateur paleontologists find 400 fossils dating back millions of years ago
By Talker News Feb 9, 2024 Updated Feb 9, 2024
An illustration of the Cabrières Biota. (Christian McCall via SWNS)
By Talker
(CAPTION FROM RESEARCH PAPER: "Fig. 6 | Artistic reconstruction of the Cabrières Biota. In the foreground, a row of Ampyx (trilobites) and various shelly organisms, including brachiopods and a hyolith (bottom left corner). Behind the trilobites, a lobopodian, a chelicerate, cnidarians (blue), sponges (green), thin branching algae (red and green) and hemichordate tubes (purple), along with some molluscs. Bivalved arthropods inhabit the water column along with graptolites. Credit: Christian McCall (Prehistorica Art)."

from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378078291_The_Cabrieres_Biota_France_provides_insights_into_Ordovician_polar_ecosystems Feb. 15, 2024 figure 4 a, b - "...b,c, Incomplete armoured lobopodians UCBL-FSL713616 (b) and UCBL-FSL713617 (c) exhibiting two sclerite plates along an elongated soft body with annulations. A lateral extension in b possibly represents remains of the proximal part of a lobopod (?lo)...."

from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/378078291_The_Cabrieres_Biota_France_provides_insights_into_Ordovician_polar_ecosystems Feb. 13, 2024 The Cabrières Biota (France) provides insights into Ordovician polar ecosystems
February 2024 Nature Ecology & Evolution
Farid Saleh, Lorenzo Lustri, Pierre Gueriau, Gaëtan J-M Potin, Francesc Pérez-Peris, Lukáš Laibl, Valentin Jamart, Antoine Vite, Jonathan B Antcliffe, Allison C Daley, Martina Nohejlová, Christophe Dupichaud, Sebastian Schöder, Emilie Bérard, Sinéad Lynch, Harriet B. Drage, Romain Vaucher, Muriel Vidal, Éric Monceret, Sylvie Monceret, Lefebvre B.
(top) Extended Data Fig. 2 | Geographic and stratigraphic context. (a) Geographic position of the Cabrières Biota in the Montagne Noire in southern France, (b) within a 1 km radius around the Cabrières village. Map data ©2022 Google. The Cabrières Biota is discovered in the late Floian (Fl3) Landeyran Formation (c). (d) Photograph of the outcrop that yielded most soft-tissue preservation. (e) Geological map of the Montagne Noire showing the position of the new Lagerstätte in the southern part of the complex.
(bottom) Extended Data Fig. 3 | Taxonomic abundances in the Cabrières Biota and their comparison with the Early Ordovician Fezouata Biota. The Cabrières
Biota showcases a notably higher abundance of algae and sponges, while echinoderms are remarkably scarcer in comparison to the Fezouata Biota. Other animal taxa display relatively comparable representation between the two Lagerstätten. It is important to note that this data is highly probable to evolve with forthcoming fossil discoveries. Hence, it should be used only as an initial comparative reference. The Fezouata Biota dataset derives from the Marrakesh collections.

from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Plate-tectonic-map-of-Middle-Ordovician-plates-position-as-of-472-Ma-Mollweide_fig6_233962409 Feb. 13, 2024 Plate Tectonic Evolution of the Southern Margin of Laurussia in the Paleozoic Golonka Jan, Aleksandra Gawęda -- In book: Tectonics - recent advances (pp.261–282) -- Chapter: 10 -- Publisher: Intech -- Editors: Sharkov EV -- July 2012 -- Figure 6 - uploaded by Golonka Jan via ResearchGate

from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Generalized-map-of-most-important-cephalopod-localities-empty-circles-of-the-Early_fig1_313905383 Feb. 14, 2024 Generalized map of most important cephalopod localities (empty circles) of the Early Ordovician of the Montagne Noire. Modified from Carte gologique imprime 1/1 000 000, 6 me dition rvise (Bureau de Recherches Gologiques et Mini- res). see "Review and palaeoecological analysis of the late Tremadocian – early Floian (Early Ordovician) cephalopod fauna of the Montagne Noire, France Review and palaeoecological analysis of the late Tremadocian – early Floian (Early Ordovician) cephalopod fauna of the Montagne Noire, France" Björn Kröger, David Evans -- February 2011Fossil Record 14(1):5-34 via ResearchGate

from https://www.newyorker.com/news/the-weekend-essay/is-the-media-prepared-for-an-extinction-level-event Feb. 14, 2024 (Illustration by Nicholas Konrad; Source photographs from Alamy / Getty) Is the Media Prepared for an Extinction-Level Event?
Ads are scarce, search and social traffic is dying, and readers are burned out. The future will require fundamentally rethinking the press’s relationship to its audience.
By Clare Malone
February 10, 2024

from https://www.google.com/maps/@44.7756223,-93.2306371,3a,75y,270h,90t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1su6k-0ca2XJpqrMMFpn813w!2e0!6shttps:%2F%2Fstreetviewpixels-pa.googleapis.com%2Fv1%2Fthumbnail%3Fpanoid%3Du6k-0ca2XJpqrMMFpn813w%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D30.196833%26pitch%3D0%26thumbfov%3D100!7i16384!8i8192?entry=ttu Feb. 19, 2024 see https://www.google.com/maps/@44.7756223,-93.2306371,3a,75y,270h,90t/data=!3m7!1e1!3m5!1su6k-0ca2XJpqrMMFpn813w!2e0!6shttps:%2F%2Fstreetviewpixels-pa.googleapis.com%2Fv1%2Fthumbnail%3Fpanoid%3Du6k-0ca2XJpqrMMFpn813w%26cb_client%3Dmaps_sv.tactile.gps%26w%3D203%26h%3D100%26yaw%3D30.196833%26pitch%3D0%26thumbfov%3D100!7i16384!8i8192 see https://www.google.com/maps/@44.7730673,-93.3581416,12z 3159 E Burnsville Pkwy / Burnsville, Minnesota / Google Street View / May 2023

from https://www.system-sounds.com/trappist-sounds/ Feb. 20, 2024 CAPTION: "The rhythmic subdivisions of the transiting TRAPPIST-1 planets. The resonances are clearly visible (ex. there are 3 notes of TRAPPIST-1g for every 2 notes of TRAPPIST-1h). The patterns have been shifted to show their actual relative timing." TEXT "To assign a pitch to each planet we scaled the orbital frequencies into the human hearing range so that TRAPPIST-1h completes its 18.76 day orbit 130.81 times each second (130.81 Hz). This is equivalent to speeding up time by about 212 million times and the resulting note is known as C3. Since the frequencies of the interior planets are related to this 'fundamental' frequency by simple whole number ratios, they create a consonant harmony of stacked musical intervals. In fact, the orbital frequencies are not exactly whole number ratios and this discrepancy causes some notes to sound slightly out of tune, giving TRAPPIST-1 its own distinctive signature. If you’d like to create your own remix, download the MIDI file here (please credit system-sounds.com with all use)."

from https://www.system-sounds.com/trappist-sounds/ Feb. 20, 2024 CAPTION "The rhythmic subdivisions of the conjunctions of TRAPPIST-1 planets with each pair of neighbouring planets assigned to a different drum. Again, the written patterns are shifted to show their actual relative timing." TEXT "The gravitational tug between planets is greatest when they reach mutual conjunction, i.e., when a faster inner planet overtakes its outer neighbour. TRAPPIST Beat is created by assigning a different drum to conjunctions of each adjacent pair of planets. This rhythm is related to the pulses of TRAPPIST Melody but is more sparse since the proximity of the planets to one another, and thus their similar orbital speeds, means that each planet may complete several orbits (and transits) before passing one of its neighbours. Resisting the urge to use trap-style drums, we assigned each pair of planets to a different element of a standard drum kit, starting with a kick drum for every conjunction of planets g and h. Click here to download the midi file. (Please credit system-sounds.com with all use). You can find the code used to generate the basic video and MIDI files at https://github.com/dtamayo/systemsounds.

"An interesting pattern is visible if you look closely at the conjunctions. The outer 4 pairs of planets are in 1st order resonances (3:2, 4:3, 3:2, 3:2), which means that the inner planet does one more obit than the outer one for every resonant cycle. This implies that the inner planet only overtakes the outer planet once in this time, and then the cycle approximately repeats. It explains why these conjunctions in the movie (highlighted by lines in the animation) occur at approximately the same position every time, with slight drifts because the planets are not at exact resonance. The variations in conjunction positions carry information about the planets’ masses, as well as the ellipticities and alignments of their orbits.

"But TRAPPIST-1c and TRAPPIST-1d are in a 2nd order 5:3 resonance so c overtakes d twice in a cycle, and their conjunctions (orange) can be seen occurring at opposing sides of the star. The innermost pair of planets is in a 3rd order 8:5 resonance which explains why their conjunctions (red) occur at 3 positions around the orbit."

from https://www.system-sounds.com/trappist-sounds/ Feb. 20, 2024 CAPTION "Sound waves with frequencies determined by scaling the planets' orbital frequencies into the human hearing range. We set the outermost planet to a C note (130.81 Hz) and let physics do the rest. You can also see the resonances here, for example, 3 full wavelengths of planet g occur for every 2 wavelengths of planet h. Letters on left of image refer to planet names, not note names." TEXT "WARNING: MUSIC THEORY GEEK OUT TIME!

"The chord that swells after 45 seconds is created simply sustaining the pitches that correspond to each planet in TRAPPIST Melody. These notes are also doubled an octave lower, so that the lowest note is a C2, which causes a subtle throbbing beat pattern in the lower register. The combination notes is very close to a slightly sharp and out of tune Cmaj9 chord that is missing a 3rd. The lack of a 3rd makes the chord ambiguous, it is neither major nor minor. To add a little analog warmth, each note of the chord was recorded separately by playing a sine wave on a MOOG Little Phatty."

from https://www.system-sounds.com/trappist-sounds/ Feb. 20, 2024 CAPTION "The simple period ratios of the TRAPPIST-1 planets create musical harmony when played as sound waves." TEXT "On Feb. 22 2017, astronomers announced the discovery that 7 Earth-sized planets orbit a nearby red dwarf star known as TRAPPIST-1, (Gillon et al 2017, Luger et al 2017). At least two of them should have the right temperatures to host liquid water making them prime targets in the search for life beyond the solar system.

"The planets of TRAPPIST-1 are locked in the longest known chain of resonances ever discovered, with each planet's orbital period forming simple ratios with those of its neighbours. For every 2 orbits of the outermost planet, the next planet inward orbits 3 times, the next one 4, then 6, 9, 15 and 24 times. We have recently shown in a research paper that the planets can settle into this configuration while drifting in their birth disk, and this fine tuning is likely the main reason the system has managed to survive to the present day (Tamayo et al. 2017).

"Since musical harmony and repeating rhythms are also a result of simple period ratios, the orbits of the TRAPPIST-1 planets can be translated into musical form. For each planet, we play one note per orbit using the pitches that result from bringing the planet's frequencies into the human hearing range. We then add drums for every time a planet passes its neighbour to hear the rhythms of their repeated gravitational tugs. To add a little more flair, we converted the fluctuating brightness data of the star itself directly into sound. Continue reading to learn about the creation of each element of TRAPPIST Sounds or play TRAPPIST-1 for yourself!"

from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_ultracool_dwarf_star_TRAPPIST-1_in_the_constellation_of_Aquarius.tif Feb. 20, 2024 (Author: ESO/IAU and Sky & Telescope / This media was created by the European Southern Observatory (ESO).
Their website states: "Unless specifically noted, the images, videos, and music distributed on the public ESO website, along with the texts of press releases, announcements, pictures of the week, blog posts and captions, are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, and may on a non-exclusive basis be reproduced without fee provided the credit is clear and visible.") see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TRAPPIST-1

from https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/5502/trappist-1-d/ Feb. 21, 2024 Exoplanet-catalog – Exoplanet Exploration: Planets Beyond our Solar System TRAPPIST-1 / TRAPPIST-1 system in 3D

from my Google News feed, ca. 6:25 p.m. February 21, 2024 Alabama frozen embryos decision, IVF, seeing humans as people

from Seeing the Universe Without Sight, Isabel Swafford, Sky and Telescope (March 2024) Creative minds are finding ways to explore and share the wonders of the cosmos without visual aids. February 22, 2024

from https://starwars.fandom.com/wiki/Figrin_D%27an_and_the_Modal_Nodes/Legends Feb. 22, 2024 "Figrin D'an and the Modal Nodes was an all-Bith music band that specialized in the genres of jizz and jatz. The bandleader and organizer was the overbearing, compulsive "Fiery" Figrin D'an. The Modal Nodes were members of the Intergalactic Federation of Musicians (IFM) and maintained a reputable standing within the trade guild. The band's matching stage costumes were somber in tone and reflected the moody aesthetics attributed to their preferred style of music. Although the Modal Nodes enjoyed success on the intergalactic circuit, they never rose to great prominence beyond the Outer Rim Territories worlds, in part because they never incorporated vocalists into their act. "

from https://science.nasa.gov/missions/hubble/hubble-snaps-ghostly-galaxy/ Feb. 23, 2024 "Credit: ESA/Hubble & NASA, M. Gregg
A notable feature of most spiral galaxies is the multitude of arching spiral arms that seemingly spin out from the galaxy’s center. In this image, taken with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, the stunning silvery-blue spiral arms of the galaxy NGC 4848 are observed in immense detail. Not only do we see the inner section of the spiral arms containing hundreds of thousands of young, bright, blue stars, but Hubble has also captured the extremely faint, wispy tails of the outer spiral arms. Myriad more distant and delightfully diverse galaxies appear in the background.
This wispy barred spiral galaxy was first discovered in 1865 by the German astronomer Heinrich Louis d’Arrest. In his career, Heinrich also notably discovered the asteroid 76 Freia and many other galaxies, and he also contributed to the discovery of Neptune.
If you are situated in the Northern Hemisphere with a large telescope, you might just be able to observe the ghost-like appearance of this faint galaxy within the faint constellation of Coma Berenices (Berenice’s Hair).
Text credit: ESA (European Space Agency)" "...grain from a balance..." from Wisdom 11:22

from https://7c27f7d6-4a0b-4269-aee9-80e85c3db26a.usrfiles.com/ugd/7c27f7_357496b3ba404948ba24ad63081b5d23.pdf Feb. 27, 2024 "Odysseus Establishes Southernmost Landing Site, Maintains Communication with Earth, and Sends Additional Images"
Publish Date
2/26/24 "Odysseus captured this image approximately 35 seconds after pitching over during its approach to the landing site. The camera is on the starboard aft-side of the lander in this phase."

from https://www.nasa.gov/news-release/nasa-intuitive-machines-to-discuss-moon-mission-science-successes/ Feb. 27, 2024 --- "NASA, Intuitive Machines to Discuss Moon Mission, Science Successes" Jennifer M. Dooren, MEDIA ADVISORY (Feb 27, 2024) "On Feb. 22, 2024, Intuitive Machines' Odysseus lunar lander captures a wide field of view image of Schomberger crater on the Moon approximately 125 miles (200 km) uprange from the intended landing site, at approximately 6 miles (10 km) altitude." Credit: Intuitive Machines

from https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-68388695 Feb. 27, 2024 NASA screenshot - "Steve Altemus, CEO of Intuitive Machines, describes what he thinks happened during landing" BBC News caption - and see https://www.youtube.com/live/ZWEwR8fscFY?si=-v1jQP4NOEXjOSO4 NASA News Conference on Intuitive Machines' First Lunar Landing (February 23, 2024) Johnson Space Center Houston Texas --- at about 9:03 / 1:22:39 - six mph dowrange traverse about 2 mph - that's walking pace -- may have caught a foot ---- image screenshot from about 10:36 / 1:22:39

from https://jda.jaxa.jp/result.php?lang=e&id=7e06883b03d41b4836ddfed96ea72a52 Feb. 27, 2024 "Shooting date -- 2024/01/20
Category -- Satellites and Spacecraft > Lunar and Planetary Exploration Spacecraft > Smart Lander for Investigating Moon (SLIM)
Satellites and Spacecraft > Lunar and Planetary Exploration Spacecraft > Lunar Excursion Vehicle
Observation Images > Lunar and Planetary Exploration > Moon
Space Exploration > Moon Exploration
Contents -- Images of the Lunar surface taken and transmitted by LEV-2(SORA-Q) Copyright:JAXA/TOMY/Sony Group Corporation/Doshisha University"

from https://www.intuitivemachines.com/_files/ugd/7c27f7_90794d5877434b46a9ba1dffea3307aa.pdf Feb. 28, 2024 "This image retrieved from the lander on February 27 captures Odysseus’ landing strut during landing on February 22nd performing its primary task, absorbing first contact with the lunar surface. Meanwhile, the lander’s liquid methane and liquid oxygen engine is still throttling, which provided stability. The Company believes the two insights captured in this image enabled Odysseus to gently lean into the lunar surface, preserving the ability to return scientific data."

from https://www.intuitivemachines.com/_files/ugd/7c27f7_90794d5877434b46a9ba1dffea3307aa.pdf Feb. 28, 2024 "Taken on February 27th, flight controllers commanded Odysseus to capture a new image using its narrow-field-of-view camera. Previous attempts to send photos from landing and the days following returned unusable imagery. After successfully transmitting the image to Earth, flight controllers received additional insight into Odysseus’ position on the lunar surface."

from https://asc-planetarynames-data.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/Lunar/lac_144_wac.pdf Feb. 28, 2024 IM-1Odysseus landing site coordinates from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IM-1

from https://blogs.libraries.indiana.edu/iubarchives/2019/04/29/dunn-meadow-plane-crash/ Feb. 29, 2024 "A Biplane, A Walnut Tree, and an Uncomfortable Laugh at Dunn Meadow"
April 29, 2019 | Katie Morrison, IUB Archives Indiana University Bloomington
Caption: "Plane crash on Dunn Meadow, Arbutus yearbook p.113. IU Archives image no. P0022444"
"...On October 11 that year, the adventurous aviator Horace Kearney attempted an exhibition flight at Dunn Meadow. In front of a crowd of hundreds, Kearney took off and almost immediately crashed into a walnut tree. I must admit that the paper's description of the crash put me into a fit of laughter. As someone who grew up in an era of The Simpsons and Johnny Knoxville, I have always been tickled by slapstick comedy and stunts-gone-wrong. Fortunately Kearney survived the crash (I would not have laughed if he hadn't!), but his story shows the real dangers of aviation as entertainment. It also gives us an opportunity to see what Dunn Meadow looked like in 1911...."

from https://www.youtube.com/live/ZWEwR8fscFY?si=9L2wSXfw1_c8Pfl2 Feb. 29, 2024 NASA News Conference on Intuitive Machines' First Lunar Landing / NASA (February 24, 2024) one hour, 22 minutes, 39 seconds; YouTube

from https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-66846772 Mar. 5, 2024 Larry Barham

from https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-66846772 Mar. 5, 2024 Geoff Duller

from https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-66846772 Mar. 5, 2024 Michael Bayliss

from https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-66846772 Mar. 5, 2024 Larry Barham

from https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2023/09/22/1200975292/worlds-oldest-wooden-structure-defies-stone-age-stereotypes Mar. 5, 2024 "An archeologist holds up a piece of ancient wedge-shaped wood that was excavated near the Kalambo river in Zambia." Larry Barham and Geoff Duller/University of Liverpool

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Shaping_marks_on_the_upper_surfaces_of_object_1033_and_on_the_underlying_treetrunk.webp Mar. 4, 2024 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalambo_structure "English: Clockwise, from left upper left; chop marks on Part 2 (Extended Data Fig. 3); cluster of small convex hewing marks on Part 1, near Part 2 (Fig. 4); cutmark (upper arrow) and small facets (lower arrows) on Part 1 near Part 3 (Fig. 4); intercutting chop marks on the upper right edge of the Part 3 taper (Fig. 4); underlying log midsection, intersecting cutmarks transverse to the grain (bold arrow, upper left, indicating direction of grain). Marks on underlying treetrunk interpreted as result of scraping, perhaps from debarking."
5 September 2023
Source - https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-023-06557-9 doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06557-9
Author - L. Barham, G. A. T. Duller, I. Candy, C. Scott, C. R. Cartwright, J. R. Peterson, C. Kabukcu, M. S. Chapot, F. Melia, V. Rots, N. George, N. Taipale, P. Gethin, P. Nkombwe

from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Location-of-Kalambo-Falls-archaeological-site-and-excavated-areas-a-Site-location-in_fig1_374057808 March 6, 2024 "Location of Kalambo Falls archaeological site and excavated areas a, Site location in south-central Africa. b, Course of the Kalambo River (in outline) from around 1956 to 2006 in relation to previous excavations at sites A, B, C, D and C North. Site BLB (2019) and excavation units BLB1, BLB2, BLB3, BLB4 and BLB5 are located along the current main channel (blue). c, Cross-section of the 2019 excavation units showing the location of 16 luminescence dating samples (KF01–KF17, dark blue circles, uncertainties (±) shown at 1 − σ) by unit. Unit BLB1 is a geological section of the full cliff exposure from ground surface to below water level. The three colour bands indicate clusters of pIR IRSL ages grouped by mean ages and standard error of the mean. The earliest wood objects (BLB5, BLB3) are in the lower green band with a mean age of 476 ± 23 kyr. The blue band has a mean age of 390 ± 25 kyr and incorporates the wood object in BLB2. The overlying yellow band has a mean age of 324 ± 15 kyr and incorporates wood objects in BLB4. Red diamonds indicate modified wood objects. Inset map data in a: Google Maps, Google 2021, INEGI; the map of Kalambo Falls was drawn using Arc-GIS Open Street Map. Map data in b: Google Imagery 2021 CNES/Airbus, Maxar Technologies; the 1960s river course, with site locations, was redrawn from figure 7.2 of ref. ¹⁷ with permission from Cambridge Univ. Press."

from https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Annotated-images-of-the-BLB5-upper-log-object-1033-showing-areas-of-intentional_fig4_374057808 March 6, 2024 "Annotated images of the BLB5 upper log (object 1033) showing areas of intentional modification From left to right, the location of the central notch in profile, shaping marks in and on the margins of the notch (a–k), the notch in profile from the opposite side. The image on the right shows the upper surface of the log, and the three parts of the log (1–3) separated by cracks. White arrows indicate locations of shaping facets on the sides and upper surface of the log."

from https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Imperial_Hotel_Lobby_Entrance_1_by_Anonymous.jpg March 6, 2024 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_Hotel,_Tokyo "Interior and exterior views of the Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, Japan, designed by Frank Lloyd Wright, demolished in 1967." - 1960 - Department of Image Collections, National Gallery of Art Library, Washington, DC •Catalog: https://library.nga.gov/permalink/01NGA_INST/1p5jkvq/alma993500583504896 - Anonymous 20th Century

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Congobasinmap.png see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congo_Basin Map showing the Congo River drainage basin. / 14 January 2019 / Kmusser /This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.
You are free:
to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
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Under the following conditions:
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from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GOYK1191s.JPG March 13, 2024 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wacker_Drive Alex Goykhman's Chicago River at Dusk (2 January 2008 (original upload date) / (Original text: 01/02/2008)) This work has been released into the public domain by its author, Goyk at English Wikipedia. This applies worldwide. In some countries this may not be legally possible; if so: Goyk grants anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law.