Blogsource Archive C47

from https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/super-earth-catastrophe/ May 8, 2023 "A comparison of Earth, at right, with a theorized super-habitable planet, at left. In theory, planets orbiting lower-mass stars than our Sun, with slightly larger radii and masses than our planet, and closer to the centers of their so-called habitable zones may be more likely to have life survive and thrive, and be home to greater biodiversity than Earth. Without evidence, this idea is tantamount to little more than guesswork." Credit: Pho3niX/Wikimedia Commons

from https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/super-earth-catastrophe/ May 8, 2023 "When we take into account all of the nearly 5000 exoplanets known at the start of 2022, we can see that the greatest number of planets can be found in between the sizes of Earth (at -1.0 on the x-axis) and Neptune (at -0.5 on the x-axis). However, that does not mean that those worlds are the most abundant, nor that they're even, as we've long been calling them, legitimate 'super-Earth' worlds." Credit: Open Exoplanet Catalogue

from https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/super-earth-catastrophe/ May 8, 2023 "The more than 5,000 exoplanets confirmed in our galaxy so far include a variety of types – some that are similar to planets in our Solar System, others vastly different. Among these are a variety we lack in our Solar System that are largely mis-named “super-Earths” because they are larger than our world. However, all but the hottest planets that are more than about ~130% of Earth’s radius will likely be mini-Neptunes, not super-Earths, and their potential habitability remains dubious, despite the contrary assertions of a few vocal exoplanet scientists." Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech

from https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/super-earth-catastrophe/ May 8, 2023 "The mass, period, and discovery/measurement method used to determine the properties of the first 5000+ (technically, 5005) exoplanets ever discovered. Although there are planets of all sizes and periods, we are presently biased toward larger, heavier planets that orbit smaller stars at shorter orbital distances. The outer planets in most stellar systems remain largely undiscovered, but those that have been discovered, largely through direct imaging, are difficult to explain the way we think most exoplanets form: via the core accretion scenario." Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/NASA Exoplanet Archive

from https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/super-earth-catastrophe/ May 8, 2023 "When planets pass in front of their parent star, they block a portion of the star’s light: a transit event. By measuring the magnitude and periodicity of transits, we can infer the orbital parameters and physical sizes of exoplanets. However, from only a single candidate transit, it is difficult to draw any such conclusions with confidence. When transit timing varies and is followed (or preceded) by a smaller-magnitude transit, it may indicate an exomoon as well, such as in the system Kepler-1625." Credit: NASA/GSFC/SVS/Katrina Jackson

from https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/super-earth-catastrophe/ May 8, 2023 "The discovery of the first 5000 exoplanets, as recorded by year and by method. For the first ~15 years or so, the radial velocity method was the dominant method of discovery, later superseded by the transit method beginning with NASA’s now-defunct Kepler mission. In the future, microlensing may surpass them all, as microlensing will be sensitive to low-mass (i.e., Earth-mass and below) exoplanets in a way that the prior two main methods have not been with current instrumentation. These confirmed planets represent only a fraction of the total planetary candidates."Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/NASA Exoplanet Archive and see https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Exoplanets_cumulative_detection_per_year_as_of_June_2022.png https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/exoplanetplots/

from https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/super-earth-catastrophe/ May 8, 2023 "Although more than 5,000 confirmed exoplanets are known, with more than half of them uncovered by Kepler, there are no true analogues of the planets found in our Solar System. Jupiter-analogues, Earth-analogues, and Mercury-analogues all remain elusive with current technology. The overwhelming majority of planets found via the transit method are close to their parent star, are ~10% the radius (or, equivalently, ~1% the surface area) of their parent star or more, and are orbiting low-mass, small-sized stars." Credit: NASA/Ames/Jessie Dotson and Wendy Stenzel; annotated by E. Siege and see https://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/briefing-materials-eighth-planet-circling-distant-star-discovered-using-artificial-intelligence

from 903 Ash. 3:14 p.m. May 17, 2023

from Google air quality map ca 10:30 p.m. May 17, 2023 https://www.google.com/maps/@46.474856,-93.2727509,2187382m/data=!5m1!1e9

Random puzzle (a 100 by 50 maze) by https://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/maze Puzzlemaker May 18, 2023

From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Longleat_maze.jpg May 18, 2023 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maze https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hedge_maze Description The maze of Longleat House
Date Autumn 2005
Source Own work
Author Rurik
I, the copyright holder of this work, release this work into the public domain. This applies worldwide.
In some countries this may not be legally possible; if so:
I grant anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law.

from https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/super-earth-catastrophe/ May 24, 2023 "four exoplanets super-earth mini-neptune NASA's Kepler mission was our most successful exoplanet-finding mission to date, and has revealed a large number of planets in between the sizes and masses of Earth and Neptune. Although they were initially called super-Earths, the overwhelming majority of them are much more Neptune-like than they are Earth-like. Credit: NASA Ames/W. Stenzel"

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superhabitable_planet May 24, 2023 art by Ph03nix1986 (January 2015)

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:PIA19832-StarHD219134-Location-20150730.jpg "PIA19832: Location of Nearest Rocky Exoplanet Known" (2015) May 25, 2023 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD_219134 and see https://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA19832 NASA/JPL-Caltech/DSS

from https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/exoplanet-catalog/7103/hd-219134-b/ May 26, 2023 NASA visualization of HD219134 inner planets

from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-65735769 May 30, 2023 BBC News via Reuters

from https://www.engadget.com/a-lawyer-faces-sanctions-after-he-used-chatgpt-to-write-a-brief-riddled-with-fake-citations-175720636.html May 31, 2023 credit: Florence Lo/Reuters

from https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1760/discovery-alert-webb-maps-and-finds-traces-of-water-in-an-ultra-hot-gas-giants-atmosphere/ June 6, 2023 Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech (K. Miller/IPAC)(IPAC: Infrared Processing and Analysis Center see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared_Processing_and_Analysis_Center It is located on the campus of the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena, California. "WASP-18 b, seen in an artist concept, is a gas giant exoplanet 10 times more massive than Jupiter that orbits its star in just 23 hours. Researchers used NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope to study the planet as it moved behind its star. Temperatures there reach 5,000 degrees Fahrenheit (2,700 C)." Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech (K. Miller/IPAC)

from https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1760/discovery-alert-webb-maps-and-finds-traces-of-water-in-an-ultra-hot-gas-giants-atmosphere/ June 6, 2023 "The team obtained the thermal emission spectrum of WASP-18 b by measuring the amount of light it emits over NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope’s NIRISS SOSS 0.85-2.8 um wavelength range, capturing 65% of the total energy emitted by the planet. WASP-18 b is so hot on the day side of this tidally-locked planet (the same side always faces its star, as the Moon to Earth) that water vapor molecules would break apart. The Webb Telescope directly observed water vapor on the planet in even relatively small amounts, indicating the sensitivity of the observatory." Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech (R. Hurt/IPAC)

from https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1760/discovery-alert-webb-maps-and-finds-traces-of-water-in-an-ultra-hot-gas-giants-atmosphere/ June 6, 2023 "Scientists used the James Webb Space Telescope to observe the exoplanet WASP-18 b and its star before, during and after the planet was eclipsed. By measuring the change in light when the planet travels behind the star, the planet’s brightness is revealed. From these measurements, scientists were able to make a temperature map of the planet’s day side. Displayed temperature range: 2,800 to 4,800 degrees Fahrenheit (1,500 to 2,600 degrees Celsius)." Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech (R. Hurt/IPAC)

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Circumbinary_planetary_systems.svg June 7, 2023 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circumbinary_planet Mengzy's diagram: "Typical configuration of a circumbinary system, in which A and B are primary and secondary stars, ABb is denoted as the circumbinary planet." (June 15, 2016)

from https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/resources/244/nasa-hubble-maps-the-temperature-and-water-vapor-on-an-extreme-exoplanet/ June 9,2023 - NASA/ESA Page Updated: December 15, 2022 "A team of scientists using NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope has made the most detailed global map yet of the glow from a turbulent planet outside our solar system, revealing its secrets of air temperatures and water vapor. Hubble observations show the exoplanet, called WASP-43b, is no place to call home. It is a world of extremes, where seething winds howl at the speed of sound from a 3,000-degree-Fahrenheit “day” side, hot enough to melt steel, to a pitch-black “night” side with plunging temperatures below 1,000 degrees Fahrenheit."

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:M31_09-01-2011_(cropped).jpg June 9, 2023 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andromeda_Galaxy A visible-light image of the Andromeda Galaxy, taken by Torben Hansen. 1 September 2011, 08:04:50

from June 13, 2023 https://science.nasa.gov/science-red/s3fs-public/atoms/files/Public%20Meeting%20Agenda_0.pdf meeting agenda

from https://science.nasa.gov/uap June 13, 2023 "Members of the Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena Independent Study Team gather for a public meeting in May 2023. Back row, left to right: Walter Scott, Warren Randolph, Reggie Brothers, Shelley Wright, Scott Kelly, Anamaria Berea, Mike Gold. Front row, left to right: Nadia Drake, Paula Bontempi, Federica Bianco, David Grinspoon, Karlin Toner, Josh Semeter, Jennifer Bus, David Spergel, Dan Evans." and see https://science.nasa.gov/science-red/s3fs-public/atoms/files/UAPIST%20Terms%20of%20Reference%20-%20May%202023-new.pdf

from https://science.nasa.gov/flying-saucer-crash-lands-utah-desert June 13, 2023 "Flying Saucer Crash Lands in Utah Desert / A flying saucer from outer space crash-landed in the Utah desert after being tracked by radar and chased by helicopters. The year was 2004, and no space aliens were involved. The saucer, pictured here, was the Genesis sample return capsule, part of a human-made robot Genesis spaceship launched in 2001 by NASA itself to study the Sun. The unexpectedly hard landing at over 300 kilometers per hour occurred because the parachutes did not open as planned. The Genesis mission had been orbiting the Sun collecting solar wind particles that are usually deflected away by Earth's magnetic field. Despite the crash landing, many return samples remained in good enough condition to analyze. So far, Genesis-related discoveries include new details about the composition of the Sun and how the abundance of some types of elements differ across the Solar System. These results have provided intriguing clues into details of how the Sun and planets formed billions of years ago. / Image Credit: USAF 388th Range Sqd., Genesis Mission, NASA / Published: Sunday, November 4, 2018 - 01:00" and see https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/genesismission/

from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-65729356 June 13, 2023 NASA Live via BBC News

from https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2018/tuning-in-to-your-local-celestial-radio-show June 14, 2023 "The Very Large Array, one of the world's premier astronomical radio observatories, consists of 27 radio antennas in a Y-shaped configuration on the Plains of San Agustin 50 miles west of Socorro, New Mexico. Each antenna is 25 meters (82 feet) in diameter. The data from the antennas is combined electronically to give the resolution of an antenna 36km (22 miles) across, with the sensitivity of a dish 130 meters (422 feet) in diameter."
"Credits: NRAO" (December 8, 2018)

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1947-Flying-Disc-Craze-headline.png June 15, 2023 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1947_flying_disc_craze https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flight_105_UFO_sighting 1947 headline about the Flying Disc Craze / 6 July 1947 / Wilmington Star News,1947

from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Walter_E._Fernald_State_School_-_IMG_1860.JPG (Wikimedia Commons) June 20, 2023 - Walter E. Fernald State School, now the Walter E. Fernald Developmental Center, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA. - 29 August 2010, 08:22:29 - Self-photographed - Daderot - see https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Daderot/gallery-before-2011-01-01

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:BlotterKelloggsCornFlakesAdvertizement1910s.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Quaker_Oats_(3092914571).jpg see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakfast_cereal https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breakfast_cereal Left circa 1900, from Miami U. Libraries - Digital Collections

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Walter_E._Fernald_State_School_-_IMG_1879.JPG (Wikipedia) June 20, 2023 - Walter E. Fernald State School, now the Walter E. Fernald Developmental Center, Waltham, Massachusetts, USA. - 29 August 2010, 08:32:39 - Self-photographed - Daderot - see https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Daderot/gallery-before-2011-01-01

from https://ehss.energy.gov/ohre/roadmap/achre/chap7_5.html June 22, 2023 - ACHRE Report Chapter 7 screencapture.

from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Good_Samaritan_Hospital_1896.png June 23, 2023 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good_Samaritan_Hospital_%28Cincinnati%29 "Conducted by the Sisters of Charity, whose Mother-House is at Mt. St. Joseph, Delhi Township. Formerly the Marine Hospital and belonged to the United States Government. In 1875 two generous citizens, Joseph C. Butler and Louis Worthington bought it from the Government for $75,000 and presented it to the Sisters. The best physicians in Cincinnati attend this hospital. Patients are received free of charge, regardless of creed or nationality. The average number of patients admitted to the hospital yearly is 2400. Sister Sebastian is the Superioress." / circa 1896 / from https://digital.cincinnatilibrary.org/digital/collection/p16998coll6/id/4969 Good Samaritan Hospital, Sixth and Lock Streets (from Athenaeum of Ohio. Eugene H. Maly Memorial Library)(from From the Souvenir Album of American cities: Catholic Churches of Cincinnati and Hamilton County edition, 1896)

from https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/herschel/multimedia/pia16680.html June 27, 2023 "Betelgeuse's Enigmatic Environment / The red supergiant star Betelgeuse is seen here in a new view from the Herschel Space Observatory, a European Space Agency mission with important NASA participation. / Betelgeuse (center) is surrounded by a clumpy envelope of material in its immediate vicinity. The arcs to the left are material ejected from the star as it evolved into a red supergiant, and were shaped by its bow shock interaction with the interstellar medium. A faint linear bar of dust is illuminated at left, and may represent a dusty filament connected to the local galactic magnetic field, or the edge of an interstellar cloud. If so, then Betelgeuse’s motion across the sky implies that the arcs will hit the wall in 5,000 years time, with the star itself colliding with the wall 12,500 years later. / This image was taken by Herschel's Photodetecting Array Camera and Spectrometer (PACS). / Image credit: ESA/Herschel/PACS/L. Decin et al" see https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2013/01/Betelgeuse_s_enigmatic_environment https://www.flickr.com/photos/europeanspaceagency/8405290162 https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Betelgeuse_braces_for_a_collision

from https://fys.kuleuven.be/ster/news/2013/betelgeuse-braces-for-a-collision June 27, 2023

from https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2023/webb-makes-first-detection-of-crucial-carbon-molecule June 27, 2023 "These Webb images show a part of the Orion Nebula known as the Orion Bar. The largest image, on the left, is from Webb’s NIRCam (Near-Infrared Camera) instrument. At upper right, the telescope is focused on a smaller area using Webb’s MIRI (Mid-Infrared Instrument). At the very center of the MIRI area is a young star system with a protoplanetary disk named d203-506. The pullout at the bottom right displays a combined NIRCam and MIRI image of this young system. Credits: ESA/Webb, NASA, CSA, M. Zamani (ESA/Webb), and the PDRs4All ERS Team"

from https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/60-second-astro-news-no-air-on-venus-twin-young-jupiter-discovery/ June 27, 2023 "This graph compares the measured brightness of TRAPPIST-1 c to simulated brightness data for three different scenarios. The measurement (red diamond) is consistent with a bare rocky surface with no atmosphere (green line) or a very thin carbon dioxide atmosphere with no clouds (blue line). NASA / ESA / CSA / Joseph Olmsted (STScI)" see https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2023/webb-rules-out-thick-carbon-dioxide-atmosphere-for-rocky-exoplanet

from https://www.pca.state.mn.us/air-water-land-climate/current-air-quality-conditions June 28, 2023 ca. 11:30 a.m. Minnesota Air Quality Map

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trapezium_cluster_optical_and_infrared_comparison.jpg June 28, 2023 "Two views of the Trapezium cluster in the Orion Nebula, from the Hubble Space Telescope. The image on the left, an optical spectrum image taken with Hubble's WFPC2 camera, shows a few stars shrouded in glowing gas and dust. On the right, an image taken with Hubble's NICMOS infrared camera penetrates the haze to reveal a swarm of stars as well as brown dwarfs. Source: http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/newsdesk/archive/releases/2000/19
Credits for near-infrared image: NASA; K.L. Luhman (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, Mass.); and G. Schneider, E. Young, G. Rieke, A. Cotera, H. Chen, M. Rieke, R. Thompson (Steward Observatory, University of Arizona, Tucson, Ariz.)
Credits for visible-light picture: NASA, C.R. O'Dell and S.K. Wong (Rice University) " ca. 2000 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trapezium_Cluster

from https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/climate/journal/drought_monitor.html July 1, 2023

from from https://rarehistoricalphotos.com/1939-new-york-world-fair/ Nov. 11, 2020 see DefaultCatholic38 [Detail used July 4, 2023] used July 4, 2023

Taken June 7, 2015: Corpus Christi procession

from https://www.dnr.state.mn.us/climate/journal/drought_monitor.html July 6, 2023

from https://parishesontheprairie.org/ July 5, 2023 photo by Cathy Behrens, used with permission. 320 250 5842

from https://stcdio.org/planning/area-catholic-community/area-catholic-communities-acc-map/ July 6, 2023 (Brenda Kresky, Director of Planning; Jayne Bruemmer, Assistant; Diocese of St. Cloud, MN) courtesy Diocese of Saint Cloud

from https://www.google.com/maps/@45.7247841,-94.9516915,3a,75y,90t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1st_S3Xm7jCY6QIH4NtOdvnw!2e0!7i16384!8i8192?entry=ttu July 6, 2023

from https://www.google.com/maps/place/Padua,+MN+56378/@45.6135766,-95.05681,296m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m6!3m5!1s0x52b58508de5d16e7:0x2b46580c3bcf11f8!8m2!3d45.6141312!4d-95.0569668!16s%2Fm%2F04b0fv4?entry=ttu July 6, 2023

from https://www.google.com/maps/@45.6136024,-95.056717,3a,75y,212.64h,87.97t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sIGMHvzNLRQRIr_r49jUaiQ!2e0!7i16384!8i8192?entry=ttu July 6,2023

from https://www.google.com/maps/@45.6132178,-95.0567149,3a,75y,99.55h,89.03t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sAnlTUz3pI5BjN-F486uRnQ!2e0!7i16384!8i8192?entry=ttu July 6, 2023

from https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Dh3Ds-ZXcAAeW1Q?format=jpg&name=small July 11, 2023 see https://twitter.com/GrohmannMuseum/status/1017184269905645568 (and https://artsandculture.google.com/story/NQVRuzj4chDnLA "Carl Spitzweg in Milwaukee" Google Arts & Culture) https://www.msoe.edu/grohmann-museum/gci/ Home - Grohmann Museum - Google Arts & Culture "Through Google Arts and Culture, the Grohmann Museum can now be explored by people around the world who would have normally been limited by physical proximity. "Carl Spitzweg in Milwaukee Few artists permeated 19th century German culture like Carl Spitzweg. Some twenty-plus works by Spitzweg have found their way to Milwaukee. This one-of-a-kind exhibition evokes affection, love, humor and other emotions that translate easily to our current age." ("Milwaukee School of Engineering is a private, non-profit university offering bachelor's and master's degrees in engineering, business, and nursing. At MSOE, you will find a caring community of students and faculty. Together, we are committed to fostering a higher standard of academic programming and research, and personalized service, instruction, and guidance.") And see "Carl Spitzweg in Milwaukee" By Grohmann Museum at Milwaukee School of Engineering - this page includes details of the painting's development - which indicate that this image is of one of C.S.'s studies for the final (possibly unfinished) work https://artsandculture.google.com/story/NQVRuzj4chDnLA and see https://artsandculture.google.com/asset/the-poor-poet-carl-spitzweg/CAHeoKxaXqKDQw?hl=en&ms=%7B%22x%22%3A0.5%2C%22y%22%3A0.5%2C%22z%22%3A9.250981935213773%2C%22size%22%3A%7B%22width%22%3A1.9183109826761857%2C%22height%22%3A1.2375000000000007%7D%7D and see https://joyofmuseums.com/museums/europe/germany-museums/munich-museums/neue-pinakothek/the-poor-poet-by-carl-spitzweg/ https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106918909 - - and see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garret

from https://www.read.gov/books/pageturner/alice_wonderland/#page/104/mode/2up July 13, 2023 The Library of Congress > Read.gov > Classic Books > “Alice's Adventures in Wonderland” London: Macmillan, 1928 pp. 92-93 Lewis Carroll, illus. John Tenniel

from https://mubi.com/films/killers-from-space July 16, 2023 still frame "Killers From Space" Directed by W. Lee Wilder United States, 1954

from https://pulsarfusion.com/products-development/fusion-propulsion/ July 16, 2023

from https://pulsarfusion.com/ July 16, 2023

from https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19630005199/downloads/19630005199.pdf "Towards thermonuclear rocket propulsion", Gerald W. Englert, Lewis Research Centre, US National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Reprinted from "New Scientist," Volume 16, pages 16-18 (1963), https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19710015212/downloads/19710015212.pdf Fusion Rocket Concepts, NASA Technical Memorandum (1971), https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/laser-and-particle-beams/article/abs/fusion-reactions-and-matterantimatter-annihilation-for-space-propulsion/1EF838A35E86DCB8D1E58507FE70551C "Fusion reactions and matter–antimatter annihilation for space propulsion", Claude Deutsch, Naeem A. Tahir; Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 November 2006, https://www.esa.int/ESA_Multimedia/Images/2021/11/Nuclear_fusion_space_propulsion ESA - Nuclear_fusion_space_propulsion July 17, 2023 - - Fusion Rocket Engines, 1963-2021: Towards themonuclear rocket propulsion, Gerald W. Englert, Lewis Research Centre, NASA (1963); Fusion Rocket Concepts, NASA Technical Memorandum (1971); Fusion reactions and matter–antimatter annihilation for space propulsion, Claude Deutsch, Naeem A. Tahir; Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 November 2006; ESA's Nuclear fusion space propulsion 2021

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fusion_in_the_Sun.svg July 18, 2023 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stellar_nucleosynthesis#Hydrogen_fusion Sarang's diagram: scheme of the proton–proton branch I chain reaction (4 September 2016) "I, the copyright holder of this work, release this work into the public domain. This applies worldwide. In some countries this may not be legally possible; if so: I grant anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law."

from https://luna.folger.edu/luna/servlet/detail/FOLGERCM1~6~6~298047~123029:Shylock-after-the-trial---merchant-# July 20, 2023 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Gilbert-Shylock.jpg https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Merchant_of_Venice https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gilbert_(painter) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shylock see https://shakespeare.mit.edu/merchant/full.html

from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lightning3_wider_crop.jpg July 25, 2023 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics) (and indirectly https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lightning )

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Fields_in_magnetic_bottles.jpg July 27, 2023 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_mirror "This image shows the magnetic fields (in 2D) inside a magnetic bottle. Each end consists of a dense magnetic field which charge particles can be reflected from. Particles corkscrew along these magnetic field lines, are internally reflected and trapped. They can escape if they come it at certain angles to the magnetic field." 3 June 2013 public domain

from https://w3.pppl.gov/ppst/docs/galea2023jfe.pdf July 27, 2023 - "The Princeton Field-Reversed Configuration for Compact Nuclear Fusion Power Plants"
Christopher Galea, Stephanie Thomas, Michael Paluszek, Samuel Cohen; Journal of Fusion Energy (2023) 42:4
(accepted January 15, 2023)
The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2 via Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory

from https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/news/1765/searching-for-signs-of-intelligent-life-technosignatures/ July 27, 2023 "Searching for Signs of Intelligent Life: Technosignatures"
Pat Brennan, NASA's Exoplanet Exploration Program, Feature July 11, 2023

from https://forecast.weather.gov/MapClick.php?lat=45.73270000000008&lon=-94.95187499999997 August 1, 2023 2:54 p.m.

from https://www.arcamax.com/thefunnies/mallardfillmore/ August 1, 2023

from https://www.weather.gov/ August 2, 2023 5:28 p.m. 22:28 UTC

from https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0048696/ July 31, 2023

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cyclosternum_fasciatum,_eye_region.jpg August 3, 2023 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarantula "Description English: The eye region of the Costa Rican Tiger Rump (Davus fasciatus) Date 25 May 2014 Source Self-photographed Author HTO" "Public domain I, the copyright holder of this work, release this work into the public domain. This applies worldwide. In some countries this may not be legally possible; if so: I grant anyone the right to use this work for any purpose, without any conditions, unless such conditions are required by law."

from https://tpwd.texas.gov/calendar/ray-roberts-lake-johnson-branch-unit/images/tarantula.jpg/view August 3, 2023 see https://tpwd.texas.gov/calendar/ray-roberts-lake-johnson-branch-unit/ Ray Roberts Lake - Johnson Branch Unit asdfasdf

from https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/tetrapod-zoology/tiny-frogs-and-giant-spiders-best-of-friends/ August 3, 2023 "Tiny Frogs and Giant Spiders: Best of Friends", Darren Naish on May 16, 2015

from https://www.nps.gov/zion/learn/nature/tarantulas.htm August 4, 2023 "NPS/ADRIENNE FITZGERALD"

from https://abcnews.go.com/International/pope-francis-restates-catholic-church-including-lgbtq-people/story?id=102064714 August 7, 2023

from https://abcnews.go.com/International/pope-francis-restates-catholic-church-including-lgbtq-people/story?id=102064714 August 10, 2023

from https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/pope-francis-says-catholic-church-open-to-lgbt-people-but-4275168 August 7, 2023

from https://brendans-island.com/catholic-citizen/a-prescription-disorders-conformity-and-culture/#living August 16, 2023

from https://www.google.com/maps/@62.4624333,-114.3631778,3a,75y,69.01h,89.45t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sLtBNtXxFZhEcoTINPzus1w!2e0!7i13312!8i6656?entry=ttu August 18m, 20203 https://www.google.com/maps/@62.4624333,-114.3631778,3a,75y,69.01h,89.45t/data=!3m6!1e1!3m4!1sLtBNtXxFZhEcoTINPzus1w!2e0!7i13312!8i6656 House on Niven Drive, Yelloknife, Northwest Territories, Canada

from https://www.google.com/maps/@62.4755522,-114.3738489,12526m/data=!3m1!1e3?entry=ttu August 18, 2023 https://www.google.com/maps/@62.4755522,-114.3738489,12526m/data=!3m1!1e3

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Canadian_wildfires#/map/0 August 18, 2023 10:13 p.m. August 19, 2023 0313 UTC "Perimeters of 2023 Canadian wildfires - season to date (map data)" Wikimedia maps | Map data © OpenStreetMap contributors