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From https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-53357792 Sept. 20, 2021 (Getty Images image captionThe cathedral caught fire in April 2019)

From https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47953795 April 17, 2019 / Sept. 20, 2021

From https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47953795 April 17, 2019 / Sept. 20, 2021 (From one of two interactive displays on the page)

From https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/notre-dames-restoration-ready-start-safety-work-completed-2021-09-18/ Sept. 20, 2021 (A view shows the reconstruction site of the roof of the Notre-Dame de Paris Cathedral, which was damaged in a devastating fire two years ago, as restoration works continue, in Paris, France, April 15, 2021. REUTERS/Benoit Tessier/Pool/File Photo)

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Percier_et_Fontaine_004.jpg Sept. 22, 2021 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre-Dame_de_Paris (Arrival of Napoleon Bonaparte at Notre-Dame Cathedral for his coronation as emperor. - Charles Percier (1764–1838), Pierre François Léonard Fontaine (1762–1853) (2 December 1804))

from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47947425 April 17, 2019 (BBC News) (Getty Images
The spire collapsed at 19:49 -BBC News)

from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47947425 April 17, 2019 (BBC News)

from https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-47959379 April 17, 2019 (AFP/Getty via BBC News)

from https://www.gutenberg.org/files/60213/60213-h/60213-h.htm#img-98 Sept. 24, 2021 ("NOTRE DAME IN THE XIII CENTURY, SHOWING THE BISHOP’S PALACE (L’ÉVÊCHÉ) ON THE LEFT. (From 'Paris à travers les Ages')")

from https://svs.gsfc.nasa.gov/13726 Sept. 30, 2021

from https://tess.mit.edu/observations/ Oct. 1, 2021

from https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/a-tale-of-planetary-resurrection Oct. 1, 2021 ("The KOI-5 star system consists of three stars, labeled A, B, and C in this diagram. Star A and B orbit each other every 30 years. Star C orbits stars A and B every 400 years. The system hosts one known planet, called KOI-5Ab, which was discovered and characterized using data from NASA's Kepler and TESS (Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite) missions, as well as ground-based telescopes. KOI-5Ab is about half the mass of Saturn and orbits star A roughly every five days. Its orbit is titled 50 degrees relative to the plane of stars A and B. Astronomers suspect that this misaligned orbit was caused by star B, which gravitationally kicked the planet during its development, skewing its orbit and causing it to migrate inward. Credit: Caltech/R. Hurt (IPAC)")

from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Cole_Thomas_Aqueduct_near_Rome_1832.jpg Oct. 7, 2021 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aqueduct_near_Rome

from https://portal.uni-koeln.de/en/universitaet/aktuell/press-releases/single-news/primordial-hyper-eye-discovered Oct. 11, 2021 University of Cologne

from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-98740-z.pdf Oct. 12, 2021 see https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-98740-z

from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-98740-z.pdf Oct. 13, 2021 see https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-98740-z

from https://trilobyte.ucr.edu/sites/g/files/rcwecm4886/files/2020-07/hughes2007anrev.pdf "The Evolution of Trilobite Body Patterning," Nigel C. Hughes - Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. 2007. 35:401–34

from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Phacops_rana_crassituberculata_eye_3.jpg Oct. 14, 2021 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phacopina (A schizochroal schizochroal eye of the trilobite Phacops rana, eye dimensions 8mm across by 5.5mm high, found near Sylvania, Ohio, USA, from the Devonian / Date 15 October 2011 / Source Own work / Author Dwergenpaartje

Wednesday, October 13, 2021 6:24 p.m. after a day of rain.

from https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/nasa-missions-spy-first-possible-planet-hugging-a-stellar-cinder Oct. 18, 2021

from https://phys.org/news/2021-10-astronomers-twin-sub-neptune-exoplanets-orbiting.html Oct 20, 2021

from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355237458_TKS_V_Twin_sub-Neptunes_Transiting_the_Nearby_G_Star_HD_63935 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Our-radial-velocity-points-obtained-for-HD-63935-a-The-complete-RV-timeseries_fig5_355237458 Oct. 21, 2021 ("TKS V. Twin sub-Neptunes Transiting the Nearby G Star HD 63935" October 2021 "Our radial velocity points obtained for HD 63935. a) The complete RV timeseries, including data from HARPS-N (maroon), APF (green), and HIRES (yellow) and our best fit model (blue). b) Our model residuals. Note that the residual appear to exhibit some structure; we discuss this in Section 5.4 c) Phase-folded radial velocity curve of HD 63935 b. d) Phase-folded radial velocity curve of HD 63935 c.")

from https://arxiv.org/pdf/1912.02701.pdf Oct. 22, 2021 ("Superabundance of Exoplanet Sub-Neptunes Explained by Fugacity Crisis," EDWIN S. KITE,1 BRUCE FEGLEY JR.,2 LAURA SCHAEFER,3 AND ERIC B. FORD4, 5, 6, / DRAFT VERSION DECEMBER 6, 2019 / "Figure 1. The exoplanet radius distribution, according to Fulton and Petigura (2018) (dark gray band, ±1σ), and according to Hsu et al. (2019), (for p < 64 days, light gray band, ±1σ). Hsu et al. (2019) data are adjusted downward by a factor of 2.25 in order to compensate for different bin choices. The dashed line at 3.16 R⊕ highlights the radius cliff.")

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cumulative-absorption-spectrum-hubble-telescope.jpg Oct. 22, 2021 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorption_spectroscopy Author: NASA/STScI / "Illustrates cumulative absorption spectra observed by Hubble. A beam of light coming to Earth from a distant quasar passes through numerous intervening gas clouds in galaxies and in intergalactic space. These clouds of primeval hydrogen subtract specific colors from the beam. The resulting 'absorption spectrum,' recorded by Hubbles Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) is used to determine the distances and chemical composition of the invisible clouds."

October 25, 2021 ca. 3:00 p.m.

from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:The_Piraeus_and_the_Long_Walls_of_Athens.jpg Oct. 27, 2021 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_Walls

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Willem_van_Nieulandt_-_forumrome_-_WGA.jpg October 28, 2021 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash_heap_of_history ("Artist
Willem van Nieulandt II (1584–1635) Blue pencil.svg wikidata:Q663795
Willem van Nieulandt II: View of the Forum Romanum
Title
View of the Forum Romanum.
Object type painting Edit this at Wikidata
Date first half of 17th century
Medium oil on copper
Dimensions Height: 40 cm (15.7 in); Width: 70 cm (27.5 in)
Collection Private collection
References described at URL: https://www.wga.hu/html/n/nieuland/willem/forumrom.html Edit this at Wikidata
Source/Photographer Web Gallery of Art: Inkscape.svg Image Information icon.svg Info about artwork")

from http://websites.rcc.edu/herrera/files/2011/04/Week7-Byzantium.pdf Nov. 2, 2021 (Byzantium, Ch. 8 ‐Late Antiquity; Andrea Herrera, Riverside City College )

from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Baths_of_Diocletian_-_Paulin_1880.jpg Nov. 3, 2021 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baths_of_Diocletian ("Cross-section of the Baths of Diocletian by French architect Edmond Paulin")(1880)

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:John_Goldicutt_View_in_Rome_1820.jpg Nov. 3, 2021 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basilica_of_Maxentius ("John Goldicutt (British, 1793-1842), View in Rome, 1820, watercolor over pencil, The Huntington Library, Art Collections, and Botanical Gardens, Gilbert Davis Collection.")(1820)

from https://etc.usf.edu/clipart/26900/26946/stpeteoldfac_26946.htm Nov. 4, 2021 ("'facade of old St Peter’s, Rome.' — Encyclopediia Britannica, 1910")

from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Walls_of_Rome_6th_century.png (screenshot to jpg format) Nov. 4, 2021 ("The Walls and Gates of Rome in the 6th century, incl. the Gothic camps from the Siege of Rome 537-538
/ 1919
/ Procopius, History of the Wars, Books V-VI, from the Project Gutenberg
/ Edward Stanford (1827–1904)") see https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Walls_of_Rome_6th_century.png see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sack_of_Rome_(546)

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Central_States_of_the_Church_c_1430.png Nov.4, 2021 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papal_States ("Central States of the Church after the Papal Restoration c. 1430", an inset map from Plate 68 in Reginald Lane Poole's Historical Atlas of Modern Europe (1902))

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Heinrich_4_g.jpg Nov. 4, 2021 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_IV,_Holy_Roman_Emperor (Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor, miniature from the Emmeram Evangeliary (1105/1106))

from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Liutprand%27s_Italy.gif Nov. 5, 2021 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Gregory_III#Lombard_threat (Map of Lombard Kingdom under Liutprand at his death (744 AD) - Italian version - according to Paulus the Deacon's Historia Langobardorum, Lidia Capo ed., Mondadori, Milan 1992, map 4 / Castagna's adaptation, public domain (15 June 2008))

from https://library.si.edu/digital-library/book/sidereusnuncius00gali Nov. 9, 2021 Sidereus nuncius; Galilei, Galileo; Apud Thomam Baglionum, 1610 (46 of 68)

from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Inferno_Canto_4_four_bards.jpg Nov.11, 2021 see https://www.gutenberg.org/files/8780/8780-h/8780-h.htm#4

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Galileo_facing_the_Roman_Inquisition.jpg Nov. 11, 2021 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_affair https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristiano_Banti

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caldwell_catalogue Nov. 11, 2011 (Jim Cornmell's work (September 3, 2006))

from webcam Nov. 12, 2021 8:08 a.m.

from https://johnhartstudios.com/bc/2021/11/ Nov. 23, 2021

from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hE1_bewlbQA Nov. 25, 2021 see https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChLtXXpo4Ge1ReTEboVvTDg globalnews.ca

from https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/coronavirus/situation.html Nov. 26, 2021

from https://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/SearchPhotos/photo.pl?mission=STS125&roll=E&frame=12599 Nov. 29, 2021 (NASA Photo ID: STS125-E-12599/Focal Length 40mm / Date taken 2009.05.20 / Spacecraft nadir point: 22.9° N, 36.6° E / Photo center point: 33.0° N, 35.5° E / Nadir to Photo Center: North / Spacecraft Altitude: 215 nautical miles (398km) / Time taken 09:11:52 GMT)(This service is provided by the International Space Station program and the JSC Earth Science & Remote Sensing Unit, ARES Division, Exploration Integration Science Directorate.)

Mary's Immaculate Conception Copyright © 2015, United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (from https://www.usccb.org/prayer-and-worship/liturgical-year/advent/upload/twim-advent-immaculate-conception.pdf December 7, 2021)

from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:053.Deborah_Praises_Jael.jpg Dec, 9, 2021 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deborah#The_Song_of_Deborah https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deborah (' Deborah Praises Jael' Doré's English Bible 1866

from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Artemisia_Gentileschi_Judith_Maidservant_DIA.jpg December 10, 2021 see  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_beheading_Holofernes https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judith_beheading_Holofernes#Gallery Artemisia Gentileschi's Judith and her Maidservant ca. 1623-1625 currently at Detroit Institute of Arts

from https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso2118b/
20211213-eso2118b.jpg
Credit: ESO/Janson et al. Dec. 12, 2021

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Centaurus_IAU.svg Dec. 15, 2021 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centaurus

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:SPHERE_images_a_zoo_of_dusty_discs_around_young_stars.jpg Dec. 16, 2021 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebular_hypothesis#Solar_nebular_model:_achievements_and_problems
New images from the SPHERE instrument on ESO’s Very Large Telescope are revealing the dusty discs surrounding nearby young stars in greater detail than previously achieved. They show a bizarre variety of shapes, sizes and structures, including the likely effects of planets still in the process of forming. 11 April 2018, 12:00:00 https://www.eso.org/public/images/eso1811a/ ESO/H. Avenhaus et al./E. Sissa et al./DARTT-S and SHINE collaborations

from https://www.nasa.gov/image-feature/sunrise-shadows-over-the-philippine-sea Dec. 20, 2021 "As the International Space Station orbited more than 200 miles above our home planet, the crew caught this glimpse of the sunrise casting long shadows over a cloudy Philippine Sea as the station orbited off the coast of the Philippines northeast of Manila.
Image Credit: NASA
Last Updated: Aug 31, 2020
Editor: Yvette Smith"

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grunewald_-_christ.jpg Dec. 21, 2021 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isenheim_Altarpiece   https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Kahlil_Gibran#Jesus,_The_Son_of_Man_(1928) Matthias Grünewald's Isenheim Altarpiece, detail 1512-1516 on display at the Unterlinden Museum at Colmar, Alsace, in France

from https://www.weather.gov/ Jan 1, 2022 20:35 UTC

from https://www.weather.gov/ Jan 4, 2022 20:42 UTC

Wednesday afternoon, Jan. 5, 2022

Wednesday afternoon, Jan. 5, 2022

from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sapsaphas_Madaba.jpg Jan. 6, 2022 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madaba_Map (Detail, Madaba Map, Jordan River near Dead Sea. Photo by Disdero, via Wikimedia Commons)

from https://www.weather.gov/ Jan. 7, 2022

from https://forecast.weather.gov/MapClick.php?lat=45.73270000000008&lon=-94.95187499999997#.YdhddVlMGM8 Jan. 7, 2022

from https://www.pnas.org/content/118/51/e2109865118 Jan. 10, 2022 ("Fig. 3 / Adaptation to low iron availability. (A) Competitive, cheating, and cooperative behaviors among single-cell organisms. Siderophore secretion allows iron acquisition from mineralized sources but also leads to complex interactions between bacterial cells and species, which may drive genetic variation. (B) Trafficking of iron in development of eukaryotes (mitochondria), phagocytosis (predation), intracellular infection, and multicellularity. In these processes, biotic sources of iron are utilized in behaviors that can be mutually beneficial, piratical, or more efficiently self-sufficient.")

from https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-26403-8.pdf Jan. 12, 2022 ("Fig. 1 A comparison of bulk planet (core + crust + mantle) compositions. Bulk compositions of polluted white dwarfs (PWDs) are compared to the bulk
planets Earth21, Moon23, and Mars26 and FGKM stars of the Hypatia Catalog17 (a, b), and various meteorite types19 (c), as well as rocks from Earth31,
Moon32, and Mars30, and iron and stony iron meteorites19 (d). c also shows the field for the subclass of achondrites known as urelites, which have an
unknown parentage. Mg + Si + Ca + Fe are normalized to equal 100%. Vertical and horizontal lines labeled “WD Unc.” show the propagated average
uncertainties of PWD compositions. a, b show that PWDs exhibit a much wider range of compositions than that found among FGKM stars. c, d show that
PWDs overlap only imperfectly with meteorites from our Solar System, and almost not at all with rocks from Earth, Mars, or Moon. WD1041 + 092 has the
highest Ca among our PWDs, but as can be seen in d, it cannot be a candidate for continental crust as it is far removed from granitic rocks that characterize
such crust types. MORB Mid-Ocean Ridge Basalt.")

Monday, January 10, 2022 2:50 p.m.

from https://www.weather.gov/ Jan. 13, 2022 ‏‎3:36 p.m.

from https://www.weather.gov/ Jan. 14, 2022

from https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/coronavirus/situation.html Jan. 14, 2022

from https://saukcentre.govoffice2.com/index.asp?SEC=49F87536-43AF-4294-B791-5299A67A2397&Type=B_BASIC January 14, 2022

January 14, 2022; 2:29 p.m.

"Polluted white dwarfs reveal exotic mantle rock types on exoplanets in our solar neighborhood" Keith D. Putirka, Siyi Xu; Nature Communications (November 2021) from https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-26403-8 https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-26403-8.pdf January 12, 2022 (Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
© Keith D. Putirka, Siyi Xu (2021)

from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Artist%27s_impression_of_a_white_dwarf_devouring_a_minor_planet.jpg Jan. 17, 2022 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WD_1145%2B017_b https://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/nasa-k2-finds-dead-star-vaporizing-mini-planet/

from http://www.geo.umass.edu/courses/geo321/Lecture%202%20Classification].pdf Jan. 17, 2022 see http://www.geo.umass.edu/courses/geo321/ (GEO-321 Igneous & Metamorphic Petrology INSTRUCTOR: J. M. Rhodes, Morrill IV, Room 163 (Phone 545-2841; e-mail jmrhodes@geo.umass.edu) (Office hours, Mon, Wed, Fri, 11:00-12:00 a.m..) TEACHING ASSISTANT: Anja Mueller, Morrill IV, Room 249C (e-mail amueller@geo.umass.edu) (Office hours, Thursday, 10:00- 12:00 a.m.) TEXTBOOK: An Introduction to Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology by John D. Winter)

from https://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/nasa-k2-finds-dead-star-vaporizing-mini-planet Jan. 18, 2022

from https://www.inverse.com/science/what-are-planets-made-of Jan. 20, 2022 ("Exoplanets and their orbiting stars share the same founding material. MARK GARLICK/SCIENCE PHOTO LIBRARY/Science Photo Library/Getty Images")

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Virgo_IAU.svg Jan. 21, 2022 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgo_(constellation) (IAU and Sky & Telescope magazine (Roger Sinnott & Rick Fienberg))

from https://thetablet.org/cardinal-gregory-pro-abortion-light-show-national-basilica/ Jan. 23, 2022 (Supporters of legal abortion project a message on the Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception in Washington as pro-life advocates attend the National Prayer Vigil for Life Jan. 20, 2022, inside the shrine's Upper Church. (Photo: CNS/Ashley Wilson, courtesy Catholics for Choice))

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Hellburners.jpg Jan. 26, 2022 (An engraving entitled "Pontis Antwerpiani fractura" showing the blowing up of Parma's pontoon bridge, used in the siege of Antwerp in 1585. Print from a book by Famiano Strada. Date circa 1623 Source http://www.nmm.ac.uk/collections/prints/images/540/PW/44/PW4419.jpg Royal Museums Greenwich) see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hellburners

from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Famiano-Strada-Histoire-de-la-guerre-des-Pa%C3%AFs-Bas_MG_8979.tif Jan 27, 2022 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fall_of_Antwerp#The_siege_begins (Pontoon bridge by Alexander Farnese was blown-up during the siege of Antwerp, 1585 / source: Histoire de la guerre des Païs-Bas, du R.P. Famien Strada ... / traduite par P. Du Ryrer, 1727 / Peace Palace Library ...)

from https://tenor.com/search/angel-and-devil-gifs Jan. 27, 2022

from https://www.health.state.mn.us/diseases/coronavirus/situation.html Feb. 4, 2022

from https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Grand_Canyon_in_fog.jpg Feb. 10, 2022 see https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canyon#Air_quality https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canyon (Grand Canyon in fog / Date 29 November 2013 / Source - Grand Canyon National Park facebook page / Author Erin Whittaker, U.S. National Park Service / Permission - (Reusing this file) - Public domain This image or media file contains material based on a work of a National Park Service employee, created as part of that person's official duties. As a work of the U.S. federal government, such work is in the public domain in the United States. See the NPS website and NPS copyright policy for more information.)

from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:GrandCanyonWinter2008.JPG Feb. 10, 2022 see https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand_Canyon (Grand Canyon in Winter 23 February 2008 / Own work - Pescaiolo / Licensing - Public domain - I, the copyright holder of this work, release this work into the public domain. This applies worldwide.)