{"id":6238,"date":"2022-09-10T00:07:06","date_gmt":"2022-09-10T00:07:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/?p=6238"},"modified":"2024-12-13T18:49:27","modified_gmt":"2024-12-13T18:49:27","slug":"marlowes-dr-faustus-freedom-censorship-and-speculation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/marlowes-dr-faustus-freedom-censorship-and-speculation\/","title":{"rendered":"Marlowe&#8217;s &#8220;Dr. Faustus,&#8221; Freedom, Censorship and Speculation"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/rereading-christopher-marlowes-doctor-faustus\/#marlowe\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20201109ff\/20210105-473px-Christopher_Marlowe--Shakespear-Collage-658.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"(left) portrait of a young man, maybe Christopher Marlowe, by an anonymous British artist. (1585); (right) John Taylor's (maybe) portrait of William Shakespeare. (1610) from Corpus Christi College, National Portrait Gallery; via Wikimedia Commons, used w\/o permission.\"\/><\/a><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, Sir Francis Bacon and Queen Elizabeth I all lived in England during the late 1500s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An odd lot of history and literature buffs have said that Marlowe, Bacon or someone else wrote Shakespeare&#8217;s plays. I suspect their roster overlaps the roll call of folks who seem convinced that the Queen, Sir Walter Raleigh or some other VIP had Marlowe killed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>My thoroughly tongue-in-cheek contribution to the weirdness was that Shakespeare was Marlowe&#8217;s ghostwriter, and had Marlowe killed. Or that Marlowe and Shakespeare were both really Queen Elizabeth I, who let off steam by masquerading as a playwright.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/marlowes-dr-faustus-freedom-censorship-and-speculation\/#1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adding to the fun, or confusion, we don&#8217;t actually have Marlowe&#8217;s script for &#8220;Dr. Faustus.&#8221; What we&#8217;ve got is one version, published in 1604 and reprinted in 1609; and another printed in 1616.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>My weekly posts often don&#8217;t go in quite the direction I had in mind at first. But this week&#8217;s took a longer-than-usual-detour.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/marlowes-dr-faustus-freedom-censorship-and-speculation\/#you\"><strong>You Have the Right to Write<\/strong><\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/marlowes-dr-faustus-freedom-censorship-and-speculation\/#but\">But Publishing May Require Permission<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/marlowes-dr-faustus-freedom-censorship-and-speculation\/#atext\"><strong>A-Text, B-Text, Names and Scholarly Opinions<\/strong><\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/marlowes-dr-faustus-freedom-censorship-and-speculation\/#reconstruction\">Reconstruction? Patchwork? Foul Papers??<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/marlowes-dr-faustus-freedom-censorship-and-speculation\/#baliol\">Baliol, Banio and Belcher: Not an Elizabethan Law Firm<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/marlowes-dr-faustus-freedom-censorship-and-speculation\/#down\"><strong>Down the Rabbit Hole With &#8220;Doctor Faustus&#8221; and &#8220;Judge Dredd&#8221;<\/strong><\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/marlowes-dr-faustus-freedom-censorship-and-speculation\/#periodization\">Periodization and Impractical-But-Fun Speculation<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/marlowes-dr-faustus-freedom-censorship-and-speculation\/#continued\">To be Continued: Wagner, Clown and Elizabethan Rudeness<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-black-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-black-background-color has-background is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"you\"><\/a>You Have the Right to Write<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/malonesociety.com\/news\/doctor-faustus-1616-a-bibliographical-mystery-solved\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20220711ff\/20220906-cry-and-revenge-folger-717x1024-329.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Cover of 'The Cry and Revenge of Blood,' printed by Nicholas Okes for John Wright. (1620) from Folger Shakespeare Library\/LUNA, via The Malone Society, used w\/o permission.\" align=\"right\"><\/a>Intellectual property rights have changed since Marlowe&#8217;s day. So has censorship.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Playwrights like Shakespeare and Marlowe had the right to write scripts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They could even, at least in principle, arrange for actors to rehearse their plays. But the plays couldn&#8217;t be performed until an official, the Master of Revels, gave the okay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I suppose that a playwright could have hired a printer to mass-produce a script for the retail market: after getting permission to distribute the work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But the playwright couldn&#8217;t legally keep anyone from copying, printing and selling the text \u2014 after the printer jumped through the required official hoops.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Anyway, Valentine Simmes printed a version of Marlowe&#8217;s &#8220;Doctor Faustus&#8221; in 1604 for Thomas Law. George Eld printed the same version for John Wright, bookseller, a few years later.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>John Wright published another version in 1616, printed by Nicholas Okes. Maybe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The 1616 version&#8217;s printer didn&#8217;t get credit. But three letters in the 1616 &#8220;Faustus&#8221; \u2014 an upper-case &#8220;B&#8221; and &#8220;M,&#8221; and a lower-case &#8220;n&#8221; \u2014 had the same damaged font that was in books we know were printed by Okes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I figure either Okes printed the 1616 version, or someone else did \u2014 using the same equipment as Okes.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/marlowes-dr-faustus-freedom-censorship-and-speculation\/#2\">2<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On my side of the Atlantic, at least, &#8220;prior restraint&#8221; \u2014 having to get permission before publishing or sharing information \u2014 is a hard sell. I get the impression that folks in England also got fed up with needing permission to voice their opinions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"but\"><\/a>But Publishing May Require Permission<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haymarket_affair\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20200519ff\/20200602-HaymarketRiot-Harpers-658.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\"><\/a><br><span style=\"font-size: xx-small;\">(From Harper&#8217;s Weekly, via Chicago History Museum and Wikimedia Commons, used w\/o permission.)<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"attempted\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/christopher-marlowe-and-his-world\/#accessto\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20201109ff\/20210206-800px-Internet_Censorship_and_Surveillance_World_Map-svg-329.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Map of Internet censorship and surveillance by country (2018)\" align=\"right\"><\/a>Attempted prepublication censorship often triggers phrases like &#8220;freedom of the press.&#8221; Understandably.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But I get concerned when the free press gets overwhelmingly &#8220;free&#8221; in one direction or another; or as inflammatory as they say the bad guys are \u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;<strong>NOW IT IS BLOOD!<\/strong>&#8230;<br>&#8220;&#8230;BLOODY WORK<br>&#8220;BOMBSHELLS AND BULLETS<br>&#8220;The anarchists of Chicago inaugurated in earnest last night the reign of lawlessness which they have threatened and endeavored to incite for years. They threw a bomb into the midst of a line of 200 police officers, and it exploded with fearful effect&#8230;.&#8221;<br>(<a href=\"https:\/\/www.newspapers.com\/clip\/33278823\/sensationalist-pro-police\/\">Excerpt from<\/a> page 2, The Inter Ocean, Chicago, Illinois, (May 5, 1886) via Newspapers.com)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Putting Chicago&#8217;s &#8220;bloody work&#8221; in perspective, folks at that 1886 rally were trying to get an eight-hour working day. At the time, that probably felt like anarchy to staunch defenders of the status quo.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By the time I was a teenager, in the 1960s, the eight-hour work day was something we&#8217;d &#8216;always had.&#8217;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"back\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/marlowes-faustus-chorus-soliloquies-and-film-noir\/#todays\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20210209ff\/20210225-pogo-deaconmushrat-malarkey-329.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Walt Kelly's Deacon Mushrat and Simple J. Malarkey. (1953)\" align=\"right\"><\/a>Back then, I thought freedom of speech was a good idea. I still do.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But I thought freedom of speech didn&#8217;t mean &#8220;free to agree with me.&#8221; I still don&#8217;t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8216;The Establishment&#8217; \u2014 and how we&#8217;re supposed to feel about it \u2014 has changed. Slightly.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I wasn&#8217;t on the same page as the powers that be in the 1960s. I&#8217;m still not. And I&#8217;m drifting off-topic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elizabethan England wasn&#8217;t just like today&#8217;s America, but it wasn&#8217;t all that different. New technology was letting folks share information: fast. Back then it was the printing press. Now it&#8217;s the Internet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One more point, and I&#8217;ll get back to Marlowe, Faustus and all that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I think we had a close call, several years back.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Self-identified defenders of the public interest were sounding a clarion call for what they called net neutrality. And, in order to protect us from &#8216;bad&#8217; ideas, the Christian Coalition and Feminist Majority joined forces.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Net neutrality&#8221; fizzled, along with a proposal that online content be reviewed by an impartial government agency. Before being posted.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That proposal has dropped off the radar entirely. The CC-FM teamup left only one reference I&#8217;ve found.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/marlowes-dr-faustus-freedom-censorship-and-speculation\/#3\">3<\/a><\/sup> And for that I&#8217;m grateful.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-black-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-black-background-color has-background is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"atext\"><\/a>A-Text, B-Text, Names and Scholarly Opinions<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/faustus-good-angel-bad-angel-parma-and-politics\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20201109ff\/20210126-Faustus_Manuscript_in_the_Huntingdon_Library-329.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Ken Eckert's photo of Huntingdon Library's (huntington.org) 'Faustus' manuscript. (2008)\" align=\"right\"><\/a>Getting back, finally, to the 1604 and 1616 published versions of Marlowe&#8217;s &#8220;Doctor Faustus \u2014 at some point, I don&#8217;t know when, scholars started calling the version printed in 1604 the A-text, and the 1616 version the B-text.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The B-text was probably compiled in 1602, two years before the A-text was printed. Marlowe died in 1593, after &#8220;Doctor Faustus&#8221; opened, which was in 1588: give or take a few years.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/marlowes-dr-faustus-freedom-censorship-and-speculation\/#4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And aren&#8217;t you glad all these names and dates <strong>won&#8217;t<\/strong> be on a test?! &#x1f609;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"reconstruction\"><\/a>Reconstruction? Patchwork? Foul Papers??<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/rereading-christopher-marlowes-doctor-faustus\/#dr\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20180212ff\/20180305-412px-Faustus-tragedy-329.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Frontpiece from a 1620 printing of 'Doctor Faustus,' showing Faustus conjuring Mephistophilis.\" align=\"right\"><\/a>Academic opinion on whether the A-text or B-text is closer to Marlowe&#8217;s original script depends on who&#8217;s talking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The A-text is, I gather, a tad short for an Elizabethan drama; running just shy of 1,500 lines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But it was the earliest published version, so many scholars figured it was closer to the original play as it had been performed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Makes sense, but by 1940 academics began agreeing with researchers who said that the B-text was closer to Marlowe&#8217;s script. Again, that makes sense, since it&#8217;s closer to a typical Elizabethan play&#8217;s length.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And now opinion&#8217;s swinging back to seeing the A-text as a better reconstruction of Marlowe&#8217;s work; and thinking that there wasn&#8217;t much &#8216;Marlowe&#8217; in the B-text after all \u2014<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;&#8230;They demonstrated that A was a typical &#8216;bad quarto&#8217;, based on actors&#8217; reconstruction rather than on authorial copy, and argued that B was superior because based in part on MS copy derived from Marlowe&#8217;s own &#8216;foul papers&#8217;. Recently, however, the counter-argument has been gaining sway: that much of the material unique to B has no link to Marlowe at all, but is the patchworking of lesser writers like Rowley and Birde. A is an abbreviated and corrupted version, but this is preferable to a significantly altered one&#8230;..&#8221;<br>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.lrb.co.uk\/the-paper\/v12\/n05\/charles-nicholl\/faustus-and-the-politics-of-magic\">&#8216;Faustus&#8217; and the Politics of Magic<\/a>,&#8221; Charles Nicholl, London Review of Books (March 8, 1990)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>In this context, &#8220;foul papers&#8221; isn&#8217;t a judgment of a document&#8217;s condition. It&#8217;s what scholars call an author&#8217;s original drafts, or last complete draft, or any draft of a document. Which definition&#8217;s in play depends on which scholar you ask.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/marlowes-dr-faustus-freedom-censorship-and-speculation\/#5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;s my considered opinion that someone, probably several someones, reconstructed Marlowe&#8217;s script for both the A-text and B-text. Also that the B-text is roughly a third longer than the A-text, and that some lines appearing in both aren&#8217;t quite the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;WAGNER. Alas, poor slave! see how poverty jesteth in his nakedness!<br> the villain is bare and out of service, and so hungry, that I know<br>he would give his soul to the devil for a shoulder of mutton,<br> though it were blood-raw.<br>&#8220;CLOWN. How! my soul to the devil for a shoulder of mutton, though<br>&#8217;twere blood-raw! not so, good friend:  by&#8217;r lady, I had need<br>have it well roasted, and good sauce to it, if I pay so dear.&#8221;<br>(&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/files\/779\/779-h\/779-h.htm\">The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus<\/a>,&#8221; Christopher Marlowe (1604) Edited by The Rev. Alexander Dyce)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;WAGNER. Alas, poor slave! see how poverty jests in his nakedness!<br>I know the villain&#8217;s out of service, and so hungry, that I know<br>he would give his soul to the devil for a shoulder of mutton,<br>though it were blood-raw.<br>&#8220;CLOWN. Not so neither: I had need to have it well roasted, and<br>good sauce to it, if I pay so dear, I can tell you.&#8221;<br>(&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/files\/811\/811-h\/811-h.htm\">The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus<\/a>,&#8221; Christopher Marlowe (1616) Edited by The Rev. Alexander Dyce)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>But which version more nearly reflects the Marlowe&#8217;s blood and thunder blockbuster?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That, I don&#8217;t know; although I&#8217;m using the B-text for my &#8216;Faustus&#8217; series. Mainly because it&#8217;s longer, and therefore gives me more material to work with. Make that &#8216;I&#8217;m <strong>mostly<\/strong> using the B-text,&#8217; as edited by the Rev. Alexander Dyce in the 19th century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"baliol\"><\/a>Baliol, Banio and Belcher: Not an Elizabethan Law Firm<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/rereading-christopher-marlowes-doctor-faustus\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20201109ff\/20201231-Marlow-Faustus-Clown-LOC-index-329.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Orson Welles' costume design for Clown in Dr. Faustus, performed in the Maxine Elliott Theatre, New York. (1937)\" align=\"right\"><\/a>I&#8217;ve read that one of the differences between the 1604 and 1616 editions is the summoned devil&#8217;s name.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;s (usually) Mephistopheles in 1604 and Mephostophilis in 1616.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Besides having more material, here&#8217;s another reason I&#8217;m using the 1616 edition: the one edited by Alexander Dyce.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;s available on Gutenberg.org. At no cost. That puts it inside my budget.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, comparing Dyce&#8217;s versions of the &#8220;Doctor Faustus&#8221; 1604 and 1616 editions, I learned that Dyce had been a trifle creative in at least one spot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He changed Mephistopheles to Mephostophilis in his annotated reprint of the 1604 edition, apparently assuming that the 1616 version was more nearly correct.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the other hand, he&#8217;s got Robin and <strong>Ralph<\/strong> as the characters listed after Wagner in his 1604 version, but Robin and <strong>Dick<\/strong> in 1616. His devils for 1604 are <strong>Baliol<\/strong> and Belcher; while in the &#8220;Faustus&#8221; 1616 they&#8217;re <strong>Banio<\/strong> and Belcher. Why? I don&#8217;t know.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Maybe because in Dyce&#8217;s 1604 Faustus, Clown gets Baliol&#8217;s name wrong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;WAGNER. How!\u2014Baliol and Belcher!<br>&#8220;CLOWN. O Lord! I pray, sir, let Banio and Belcher go sleep.&#8221;<br>(&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/files\/779\/779-h\/779-h.htm\">The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus<\/a>,&#8221; Christopher Marlowe (1604) Edited by The Rev. Alexander Dyce)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>As a devil&#8217;s name, &#8220;Baliol&#8221; may have been worth a few laughs in Marlowe&#8217;s day. It was (and is) the name of an Oxford college, and had been the name of a British noble house.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Be that as it may, Clown gets a few extra lines in Dyce&#8217;s version of Simmes&#8217; 1604 version \u2014 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;CLOWN. Let your Baliol and your Belcher come here, and I&#8217;ll<br>knock them, they were never so knocked since they were devils:<br>say I should kill one of them, what would folks say? &#8216;Do ye see<br>yonder tall fellow in the round slop? he has killed the devil.&#8217;<br>So I should be called Kill-devil all the parish over.&#8221;<br>(&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/files\/779\/779-h\/779-h.htm\">The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus<\/a>,&#8221; Christopher Marlowe (1604) Edited by The Rev. Alexander Dyce)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2014 why? Again, I don&#8217;t know.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Maybe a thorough analysis of Clown and Wagner in Marlowe&#8217;s &#8220;Doctor Faustus&#8221; would be worth the time and effort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But I suspect they&#8217;re both basically comedy relief in Marlowe&#8217;s play.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And that whatever profundity&#8217;s in either character comes from their origin in the mind of a brilliant scholar and alleged troublemaker who&#8217;s nearly as legendary as the alleged German magician and con man behind the Faust legend.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/marlowes-dr-faustus-freedom-censorship-and-speculation\/#6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-black-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-black-background-color has-background is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"down\"><\/a>Down the Rabbit Hole With &#8220;Doctor Faustus&#8221; and &#8220;Judge Dredd&#8221;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/m.imdb.com\/title\/tt0113492\/mediaviewer\/rm778810881\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20220711ff\/20220907-JudgeDredd166of218-detail-658.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"John Wagner, Carlos Ezquerra, Michael De Luca's 'Judge Dredd,' played by Sylvester Stalone. (1995)\"><\/a><br><span style=\"font-size: xx-small;\">(From Hollywood Pictures, Cinergi Pictures, Edward R. Pressman Film Corporation; via IMDB.com, used w\/o permission.)<\/span><br>(Judge Dredd, the first film version. (1995))<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a name=\"ive\"><\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Down_the_rabbit_hole\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20220711ff\/20220908-356px-The_White_Rabbit_Tenniel_-_The_Nursery_Alice_1890_-_BL-329.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"John Tenniel's 'The White Rabbit' from 'Lewis Carroll's 'The Nursery Alice.' (1890) from the British Library, via Wikipedia\" align=\"right\"><\/a>I&#8217;ve found no shortage of rabbit holes while reading Marlowe&#8217;s &#8220;Doctor Faustus.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That&#8217;s partly because &#8220;The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus&#8221; \u2014 that&#8217;s a mouthful, small wonder most folks just say &#8220;Doctor Faustus&#8221; these days \u2014 impressed folks in Elizabethan England.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Admiral&#8217;s Men staged &#8220;Dr. Faustus&#8221; 24 times between October 1594 and October 1597, and Philip Henslowe may have rebooted the tale in 1602.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Three decades later, &#8220;Dr. Faustus&#8221; was still famous enough to warrant attention by William Prynne, a prominent Puritan polemicist and unswerving opponent of decadent customs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Like celebrating Christmas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Seems that, according to Prynne, fires at the Globe and Fortune theaters had been of demonic origin. Or maybe due to the wrath of God.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At any rate, William Prynne declared that some folks went crazy when the &#8220;Devill&#8221; made a personal appearance at the Belsavage Play-house during a &#8220;Dr. Faustus&#8221; performance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;&#8230;O tragicall, O fearefull death! answerable to her former wicked life? Not to relate the various tragicall ends of many, who in my remembrance at London, have beene slaine in Play-houses, or upon quarrels there commenced: Nor yet to recite the sudden fearefull burning even to the ground, both of the Globe and Fortune Play-houses, no man perceiving how these fires came: together with the visible apparition of the Devill on the Stage at the Belsavage Play-house, in Queene Elizabeths dayes, (to the great amazement both of the Actors and Spectators) whiles they were there prophanely playing the History of Faustus (the truth of which I have heard from many now alive, who well remember it,) there being some distracted with that fearefull sight&#8230;.&#8221;<br>(&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/quod.lib.umich.edu\/cgi\/t\/text\/text-idx?c=eebo;idno=A10187.0001.001\">Histrio-mastix The players scourge, or, actors trag\u00e6die, divided into two parts&#8230;<\/a>,&#8221; <a href=\"https:\/\/quod.lib.umich.edu\/cgi\/t\/text\/pageviewer-idx?cc=eebo;c=eebo;idno=a10187.0001.001;node=A10187.0001.001:7.8.19;seq=640;vid=15744;page=root;view=text\">page 556<\/a>, William Prynne, (1632) via University of Michigan Library Digital Collections<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Faustian responses like William Prynne&#8217;s &#8220;Histrio-mastix&#8230;&#8221; may explain why some academics present Marlowe&#8217;s &#8220;Dr. Faustus&#8221; as a reflection of Christian beliefs. And that&#8217;s another topic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I&#8217;ll grant that &#8220;Dr. Faustus&#8221; reflected how audiences in Elizabethan London felt about Christianity, politics and social class. And that we can speculate about Marlowe&#8217;s play, based on the two versions of the script we have.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/marlowes-dr-faustus-freedom-censorship-and-speculation\/#7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But reading scholarly discussions of &#8220;Dr. Faustus&#8221; and Elizabethan England started me thinking about how our era might look, seen through the eyes of academics in the mid-25th century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"periodization\"><\/a>Periodization and Impractical-But-Fun Speculation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.imdb.com\/title\/tt0113492\/mediaviewer\/rm2243799809\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20220711ff\/20220907-JudgeDredd62of218-658.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"John Wagner, Carlos Ezquerra, Michael De Luca's 'Judge Dredd;' Diane Lane as Judge Hershey. (1995)\"><\/a><br><span style=\"font-size: xx-small;\">(From Hollywood Pictures, Cinergi Pictures, Edward R. Pressman Film Corporation; via IMDB.com, used w\/o permission.)<\/span><br>(Judge Hershey in &#8220;Judge Dredd,&#8221; the first film version. (1995))<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Who knows? Maybe we&#8217;ll have debates over whether Judge Dredd (1995) accurately depicts John Wagner&#8217;s &#8220;Judge Dredd&#8221; visual drama, or Dredd (2012) is the authoritative source for Dredd lore.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Particularly if many of the original Judge Dredd manuscripts and the comics they appear in get lost during the next four and a half centuries.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Maybe the surviving portions of the &#8220;Judge Dredd&#8221; cycle will be seen as a valuable resource for serious students of our era&#8217;s social and judicial beliefs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another bit of impractical, possibly futile, but fun speculation is what historians of the year 2450 might call the period we&#8217;re living in.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We&#8217;ve been calling it the Information Age. Maybe that name will stick. Or maybe from a 25th century perspective, this is the Federal Era. Or the Liminal Age, or something completely different. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Historians looking back at days gone by have their own ideas about periodization, which makes guessing what they&#8217;ll be thinking tricky. At best.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Periodization in a &#8216;history&#8217; context is a five-dollar word for dividing our yesteryears into neatly-labeled blocks of time.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It makes sense, since dividing time into labeled packets makes talking about particular eras easier.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/marlowes-dr-faustus-freedom-censorship-and-speculation\/#8\">8<\/a><\/sup> But I think it can give an impression that humanity&#8217;s continuing story has tidy chapter breaks.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That&#8217;s not how I see history. Although I agree that, for example, things changed when the Roman Empire transitioned from a current reality to a rose-colored memory.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"continued\"><\/a>To be Continued: Wagner, Clown and Elizabethan Rudeness<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/not-feeling-information-overload-or-loss-of-identity\/\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20170306ff\/20170317-N-X-desk-329.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Brian H. Gill's 'Internet Friends.' (2017)\" align=\"right\"><\/a>I think the &#8220;Information Age&#8221; moniker might makes sense as a label for our times.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I&#8217;ve seen some perceptions and attitudes change as we started communicating online, while others got fresh labels and a coat of paint. And that&#8217;s yet another topic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But we&#8217;re still dealing with aspects of the pre-Internet America I grew up in. And, for that matter, with issues that were in play in Elizabethan England.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I&#8217;m pretty sure I haven&#8217;t finished talking about Wagner, Clown and how to be rude in Elizabethan English.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And I&#8217;ve definitely got more to say about freedom of expression and censorship. But that will wait for another day.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Meanwhile, here are the usual links to more-or-less-related stuff.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/wagner-servant-of-faustus-whats-he-doing-in-the-play\/\">Wagner, Servant of Faustus: What\u2019s He Doing in the Play?<\/a>&#8220;<br>(June 18, 2022)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/faustus-good-angel-bad-angel-parma-and-politics\/\">Faustus: Good Angel, Bad Angel, Parma and Politics<\/a>&#8220;<br>(January 29, 2022)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/christopher-marlowe-and-his-world\/\">Christopher Marlowe and His World<\/a>&#8220;<br>(March 6, 2021)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/social-media-security-and-assumptions\/\">Social Media, Security and Assumptions<\/a>&#8220;<br>(February 6, 2021)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/floyd-signs-and-statues\/\">Floyd, Signs and Statues<\/a>&#8220;<br>(June 28, 2020)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-black-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-black-background-color has-background is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a name=\"1\"><\/a>1<\/sup> History, people, and a side of bacon:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wikipedia\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christopher_Marlowe\">Christopher Marlowe<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Delia_Bacon\">Delia Bacon<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Elizabeth_I\">Elizabeth I<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francis_Bacon\">Francis_Bacon<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ignatius_L._Donnelly\">Ignatius L. Donnelly<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Shakespeare_authorship_question\">Shakespeare authorship question<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Walter_Raleigh\">Walter Raleigh<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Shakespeare\">William Shakespeare<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Friar and Francis Bacon, Shakespearian authorship and a daft idea\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/faustus-valdes-and-cornelius-with-friends-like-these\/\">Faustus, Valdes and Cornelius: With Friends Like These&#8230;<\/a>&#8221; (March 5, 2022)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/faustus-valdes-and-cornelius-with-friends-like-these\/#magic\">Magic, Multiple Bacons and a Bit of Greene<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/faustus-valdes-and-cornelius-with-friends-like-these\/#will\">Will the Real Bacon Please Stand Up?<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/rereading-christopher-marlowes-doctor-faustus\/\">Rereading Christopher Marlowe&#8217;s &#8216;Doctor Faustus&#8217;<\/a>&#8221; (January 6, 2021)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/rereading-christopher-marlowes-doctor-faustus\/#christopher\">Christopher Marlowe<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/rereading-christopher-marlowes-doctor-faustus\/#marlowe\">Marlowe Didn&#8217;t Write Shakespeare \u2014 Marlowe IS Shakespeare!!!<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a name=\"2\"><\/a>2<\/sup> Intellectual property rights, Elizabethan era economics:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wikipedia\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Copyright\">Copyright<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doctor_Faustus_(play)\">Doctor Faustus (play)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/George_Eld\">George Eld<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/John_Wright_(bookseller_died_1658)\">John Wright (bookseller died 1658)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Master_of_the_Revels\">Master of the Revels<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nicholas_Okes\">Nicholas Okes<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Prior_restraint\">Prior restraint<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stationers%27_Register\">Stationer&#8217;s Register<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>British Library\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bl.uk\/collection-items\/marlowes-doctor-faustus-1631\">Marlowe&#8217;s Doctor Faustus, 1631<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bl.uk\/treasures\/shakespeare\/booktrade.html\">London Book Trade<\/a>, Shakespeare in Print, Treasures in full\/Shakespeare in quarto<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/ucsd.libguides.com\/c.php?g=123619&amp;p=809164\">Literatures in English: Copyright (History and Current Law)<\/a><br>The Library, University of California San Diego<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/quod.lib.umich.edu\/e\/eebo\/A19288.0001.001?view=toc\">The cry and reuenge of blood Expressing the nature and haynousnesse of wilfull murther. Exemplified in a most lamentable history thereof, committed at Halsworth in High Suffolk, and lately conuicted at Bury assize, 1620.&#8221;<\/a><br>Early English Books Online, University of Michigan Library<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/ndlibrary2go.overdrive.com\/ndlibrary2go-grandforks\/content\/media\/6265943\">Doctor Faustus<\/a>,&#8221; Christopher Marlowe<br>Alexander Dyce, Editor; Library2Go Digital Media, North Dakota Digital Consortium \u2014 OverDrive<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/internetshakespeare.uvic.ca\/Library\/SLT\/literature\/publishing\/press1.html\">The Printing Press<\/a><br>Internet Shakespeare Editions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/shakespearedocumented.folger.edu\/worshipful-company-stationers-and-newspaper-makers\">The Worshipful Company of Stationers and Newspaper Makers<\/a><br>Shakespeare Documented<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/malonesociety.com\/news\/doctor-faustus-1616-a-bibliographical-mystery-solved\/\">Doctor Faustus 1616: A Bibliographical Mystery Solved<\/a>&#8220;<br>Chiaki Hanabusa, Keio University; via The Malone Society (August 21, 2019)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;Text Genetics in Literary Modernism and Other Essays,&#8221; Chapter 15, <a href=\"https:\/\/books.openbookpublishers.com\/10.11647\/obp.0120\/ch15.html\">Argument into Design: Editions as a Sub-Species of the Printed Book<\/a><br>Hans Walter Gabler (2018) via Open Book Publishers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/blogs.library.duke.edu\/scholcomm\/2011\/02\/18\/shakespeare-and-copyright\/\">Shakespeare and copyright<\/a>&#8220;<br>Kevin Smith, J.D.; Scholarly Communications @ Duke, Duke&#8217;s source for information and advice about copyright and publication issues; Duke University (February 18, 2011)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.law.berkeley.edu\/files\/Litman.pdf\">The Invention of Common Law Play Right<\/a>&#8220;<br>Jessica Litman, Forthcoming in Berkeley Technology Law Journal (April 27, 2010)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/3439014\">On the Economics of the Theater in Renaissance London<\/a>&#8220;<br>Mary I. Oates, William J. Baumol; The Swedish Journal of Economics; Vol. 74, No. 1, pp. 136-160; Economics of Location: Theory and Policy Aspects (March 1972)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a name=\"3\"><\/a>3<\/sup> History, and not missing the &#8216;good old days:&#8217;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wikipedia\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Establishment\">The Establishment<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Haymarket_affair\">Haymarket affair<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Licensing_Act_1737\">Licensing Act of 1737<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Licensing_Order_of_1643\">Licensing Order of 1643<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Licensing_of_the_Press_Act_1662\">Licensing of the Press Act 1662<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Master_of_the_Revels\">Master of the Revels<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pamphlet_wars\">Pamphlet wars<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Speech_to_the_Troops_at_Tilbury\">Speech to the Troops at Tilbury<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Stationers%27_Register\">Stationer&#8217;s Register<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>British Library\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bl.uk\/collection-items\/marlowes-doctor-faustus-1631\">Marlowe&#8217;s Doctor Faustus, 1631<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bl.uk\/treasures\/shakespeare\/booktrade.html\">London Book Trade<\/a>, Shakespeare in Print, Treasures in full\/Shakespeare in quarto<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bl.uk\/shakespeare\/articles\/subversive-theatre-in-renaissance-england\">Subversive theatre in Renaissance England<\/a>,&#8221; Eric Rasmussen (May 8, 23017)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bl.uk\/treasures\/shakespeare\/booktrade.html\">London Book Trade<\/a>, Shakespeare in Print, Treasures in full\/Shakespeare in quarto <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20220117-Documents\/cjc.2007v32n2a1921.pdf\">Commentary \/ Net Neutrality: Telecom Policy and the Public Interest<\/a>&#8220;<br>Neil Barratt, Leslie Regan Shade, Concordia University. Canadian Journal of Communication, Vol 32 (2007) 295-305.<br><span style=\"font-size: x-small;\">Available through Canadian Research Alliance For Community Innovation And Networking.<br>(from <a href=\"cjc.utpjournals.press\/doi\/full\/10.22230\/cjc.2007v32n2a1921\">https:\/\/cjc.utpjournals.press\/doi\/full\/10.22230\/cjc.2007v32n2a1921<\/a>; September 6, 2022)<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Historical perspective\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/beyond-george-floyd\/\">Beyond George Floyd<\/a>&#8221; (June 6, 2020)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/beyond-george-floyd\/#could\">It Could Be, and Has Been, Worse<\/a> <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/labor-day-1882-2019\/\">Labor Day: 1882-2019<\/a>&#8221; (September 1, 2019)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/labor-day-1882-2019\/#haymarket\">The Haymarket Affair<\/a>  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a name=\"4\"><\/a>4<\/sup> Labeling Marlowe&#8217;s famous play:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wikipedia\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doctor_Faustus_(play)\">Doctor Faustus (play)<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>British Library\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bl.uk\/collection-items\/marlowes-doctor-faustus-1631\">Marlowe&#8217;s Doctor Faustus, 1631<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a name=\"5\"><\/a>5<\/sup> Document details:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wikipedia\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_Dyce\">Alexander Dyce<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bad_quarto\">Bad quarto<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doctor_Faustus_(play)\">Doctor Faustus (play)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foul_papers\">Foul papers<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/English_Renaissance_theatre\">English Renaissance theatre<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Oxford Reference\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordreference.com\/view\/10.1093\/oi\/authority.20110803095440524\">bad quarto<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.oxfordreference.com\/view\/10.1093\/oi\/authority.20110803100431162\">Samuel Rowley<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/lostplays.folger.edu\/Category:William_Bird\">William Bird<\/a><br>Lost Plays Database<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.journals.uchicago.edu\/doi\/pdf\/10.1086\/386858\">What We Know of the Elizabethan Stage<\/a>&#8220;<br>G. F. Reynolds, Modern Philology (July 1911)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.worldcat.org\/title\/dr-faustus-a-and-b-texts-1604-1616-christopher-marlowe-and-his-collaborator-and-revisers\/oclc\/855236295\">Dr. Faustus A- and B- texts (1604, 1616): Christopher Marlowe and his collaborator and revisers<\/a>&#8220;<br>Christopher Marlowe, David M. Bevington, Eric Rasmussen; Manchester University Press, Manchester, England (1993) entry on WorldCat online library catalog<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.jstor.org\/stable\/508828\">The Length of Elizabethan and Jacobean Plays<\/a>&#8220;<br>A. Hart, The Review of English Studies Vol. 8, No. 30, pp. 139-154 (April 1932)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a name=\"6\"><\/a>6<\/sup> Lore and legends:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wikipedia\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Balliol_College,_Oxford\">Baliol College, Oxford<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Christopher_Marlowe\">Christopher Marlowe<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/House_of_Balliol\">House of Balliol<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Johann_Georg_Faust\">Johnan Georg Faust<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>British Library\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bl.uk\/shakespeare\/articles\/christopher-marlowe-the-man-the-myth-and-the-mighty-line\">Christopher Marlowe: The man, the myth and the mighty line<\/a>&#8220;<br>Andrew Dickson (March 31, 2017)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Project Gutenberg\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/files\/811\/811-h\/811-h.htm\">The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus<\/a>&#8220;<br>Christopher Marlowe (1616) Edited by The Rev. Alexander Dyce)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/files\/779\/779-h\/779-h.htm\">The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus<\/a>&#8220;<br>Christopher Marlowe (1604) Edited by The Rev. Alexander Dyce)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a name=\"7\"><\/a>7<\/sup> An assorted miscellany:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wikipedia\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Admiral%27s_Men\">Admiral&#8217;s Men<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bell_Savage_Inn\">Bell Savage Inn<\/a> (Belsavage Play-house in Elizabethan era)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Doctor_Faustus_(play)\">Doctor Faustus (play)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Down_the_rabbit_hole\">Down the rabbit hole<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dredd\">Dredd<\/a> (film (2012))<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Judge_Dredd\">Judge Dredd<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Judge_Dredd_(film)\">Judge Dredd (film)<\/a> (1995)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/William_Prynne\">William Prynne<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>British Library\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bl.uk\/shakespeare\/articles\/subversive-theatre-in-renaissance-england\">Subversive theatre in Renaissance England<\/a>&#8220;<br>Eric Rasmussen (May 8, 2017)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bl.uk\/shakespeare\/articles\/an-introduction-to-doctor-faustus-morality-and-sin\">An introduction to Doctor Faustus: morality and sin<\/a>&#8220;<br>Eric Rasmussen, Ian DeJong; Discovering Literature: Shakespeare &amp; Renaissance (March 31, 2017)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/dictionary.cambridge.org\/us\/dictionary\/english\/rabbit-hole\">rabbit hole<\/a><br>English, United States, Cambridge Dictionary<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.dictionary.com\/e\/slang\/rabbit-hole\/\">rabbit hole<\/a><br>Slang, Dictionary.com<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Periodization\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/phi.history.ucla.edu\/nchs\/preface\/developing-standards\/\">Developing Standards<\/a><br>Public History Initiatives, UCLA History<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/12132959\/The_Issue_Of_Periodisation_in_History\">The Issue Of Periodisation in History<\/a>&#8220;<br>Tanmay Kulshrestha, M.A. History Previous, University of Delhi (April 28, 2015)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/faculty.washington.edu\/dwaugh\/hstam443\/period.htm\">Periodization<\/a><br>American History 443, Daniel C. Waugh, Department of History; University of Washington; Seattle, Washington<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Christopher Marlowe, William Shakespeare, Sir Francis Bacon and Queen Elizabeth I all lived in England during the late 1500s. An odd lot of history and literature buffs have said that Marlowe, Bacon or someone else wrote Shakespeare&#8217;s plays. I suspect &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/marlowes-dr-faustus-freedom-censorship-and-speculation\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"Freedom of expression in Elizabethan England and America today, Faustian A-text, B-text. Down the Rabbit Hole With Dr. Faustus and Judge Dredd.","jetpack_seo_html_title":"","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[210,209],"tags":[218,237,7,27,34],"class_list":["post-6238","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-marlowes-faustus","category-series","tag-freedom-of-expression","tag-freedom-of-speech","tag-getting-a-grip","tag-history","tag-politics"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p7Dwtw-1CC","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6238","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6238"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6238\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7564,"href":"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6238\/revisions\/7564"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6238"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6238"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6238"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}