{"id":9287,"date":"2025-07-05T18:52:03","date_gmt":"2025-07-05T18:52:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/?page_id=9287"},"modified":"2025-08-03T04:49:50","modified_gmt":"2025-08-03T04:49:50","slug":"st-jude-the-apostle","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-the-apostle\/","title":{"rendered":"St. Jude the Apostle"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cathedral_of_Saint_Jude_the_Apostle_(St._Petersburg,_Florida)\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20220711ff\/20220808-799px-Cathedral_of_Saint_Jude_the_Apostle_interior_-_St_Petersburg_01-658.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Farragutful's photo: St. Jude the Apostle Cathedral in St. Petersburg, Florida. (July 26, 2017)\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Interior of St. Jude the Apostle Cathedral, St. Petersburg, Florida.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>I&#8217;ve been including St. Jude the Apostle in my daily prayers for some time now, and finally got around to sharing something about this Saint, Saints in general, and how they fit into my beliefs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-the-apostle\/#judas\"><strong>Judas, \u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d3\u05b8\u05d4, Jude, Y&#8217;hudah: Names and Language<\/strong><\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-the-apostle\/#jude\"><strong>Jude and Judas, Sons and Brothers<\/strong><\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-the-apostle\/#simon\">Simon and Jude: Saints<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-the-apostle\/#letter\"><strong>A Letter From &#8220;Jude, &#8230; Brother of James&#8221;<\/strong><\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-the-apostle\/#beliefs\">Beliefs, Assumptions and Jude&#8217;s Letter<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-the-apostle\/#saints\"><strong>Saints, Emperors, and Our Heritage of Faith<\/strong><\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-the-apostle\/#passing\">Passing Along What We Received<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-the-apostle\/#roman\">Roman Law, Dead Emperors, and Beliefs<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-the-apostle\/#class\">&#8220;A Class Hated for Their Abominations&#8221;<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-the-apostle\/#patron\">Patron Saints<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-the-apostle\/#prayer\">Prayer<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-black-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-black-background-color has-background is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"judas\"><\/a>Judas, \u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d3\u05b8\u05d4, Jude, Y&#8217;hudah: Names and Language <\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/electing-a-pope-current-events-ancient-heritage\/#Catholic\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20250225ff\/20250429-VaticanCityStPetersNorthTranseptVR-329.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Screenshot from Basilica of St. Peter's Papal Basilica of St. Peter's VR tour: St. Peter's north transept. 'Special thanks to Villanova University in Pennsylvania (USA) for its contribution to the realization of the Virtual Reality Tour of the Basilica of Saint Peter.' See https:\/\/www.ncronline.org\/blogs\/ncr-today\/virtual-tour-st-peters-basilica-now-online (2010) used w\/o permission.)\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">St. Peter&#8217;s Basilica: north transcept.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Saint Jude the Apostle is not Judas Iscariot.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Jude&#8221; and &#8220;Judas&#8221; look like two different names in English translations of the Bible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But they&#8217;re two ways of transliterating the same name, \u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d3\u05b8\u05d4, Y&#8217;hudah, into my language&#8217;s version of the Latin alphabet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Y&#8217;hudah was a fairly common name when our Lord was living in Roman Judea and Galilee. Sorting out which Y&#8217;hudah is which isn&#8217;t always easy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Adding to the fun, folks in the Judea-Galilee area two millennia back started using Greek names after Alexander the Great conquered the region.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>By the first century, Judea was a Roman province: so having a Latin name, or at least a Latin nickname, helped make life easier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I gather that transliterating \u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d3\u05b8\u05d4 as &#8220;Judas&#8221; in one case and &#8220;Jude&#8221; in another is generally done in English and French New Testament translations, but not in other languages.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-the-apostle\/#1\">1<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In any case, I&#8217;ll be talking mostly about St. Jude the Apostle, and the Letter of Jude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-black-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-black-background-color has-background is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"jude\"><\/a>Jude and Judas, Sons and Brothers<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jude_the_Apostle\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20220711ff\/20220808-Anthonis_van_Dyck_088-329.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Anthony van Dyck's 'The Apostle Judas Thaddeus\/Apostel Judas Thadd\u00e4us'. (ca. 1620)\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Anthony van Dyck: &#8220;The Apostle Judas Thaddeus&#8221;. (ca. 1620)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>The Apostle I call Jude is &#8220;Judas, son of James:&#8221; and definitely not Judas Iscariot. (<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.usccb.org\/bible\/luke\/6#50006016\">Luke 6:16<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/bible.usccb.org\/bible\/john\/14#51014022\">John 14:22<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/bible.usccb.org\/bible\/acts\/1#52001013\">Acts 1:13<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This particular James is James, a brother of Jesus the Nazarene, son of Mary; along with Joseph, Simon, and Judas; or maybe it&#8217;s Joses and Judas and Simon. (<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.usccb.org\/bible\/matthew\/13#48013055\">Matthew 13, 55<\/a>; <a href=\"https:\/\/bible.usccb.org\/bible\/mark\/6#49006003\">Mark 6:3<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Then again, maybe not. The Mark 6:3 list of &#8220;brothers&#8221; may be the &#8220;Jude&#8221; who wrote The Letter of Jude. I&#8217;ll get back to that.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>About Jesus having &#8220;brothers&#8221;, that doesn&#8217;t bother me nearly as much as it might.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Partly because I&#8217;m an only child <strong>and<\/strong> I have &#8220;brothers&#8221;: men who are also in the Knights of Columbus. And, getting further out in metaphorical waters, &#8220;brothers in Christ&#8221;: or should that be farther out? Never mind.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Besides, the Apostles aren&#8217;t Americans. They&#8217;re not even post-Renaissance Europeans. I think a great deal of sound and fury could be avoided if folks would remember this.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The &#8220;brothers&#8221; of Jesus could have been step-brothers, cousins, or more distant kinfolk.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-the-apostle\/#2\">2<\/a><\/sup> Assuming that they were blood relatives, not the metaphorical &#8220;brethren&#8221; even my poetically-challenged culture occasionally recognizes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"simon\"><\/a>Simon and Jude: Saints<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/old-st-peters-visigoths-and-a-henry\/#architecture\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20170501ff\/20150706-Interiorvatican8-trim-329.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Ricardo Andr\u00e9 Frantz's photo of Bernini's baldacchino, inside Saint Peter's Basilica, Vatican City. (2005)\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Bernini&#8217;s baldacchino, in Saint Peter&#8217;s Basilica.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Jude the Apostle was with Simon the Zealot when authorities in Roman Syria ordered their execution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Simon the Zealot, by the way, isn&#8217;t the Apostle we call Simon Peter or St. Peter.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But three are Saints, and were executed for insisting that Jesus didn&#8217;t stay dead.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Simon the Zealot and Jude&#8217;s execution happened in 65 A.D. or thereabouts. They were probably an evangelizing team, working from Egypt to Armenia. Our day for remembering them is October 28.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Another version of St. Simon the Zealot&#8217;s life has him dying peacefully in Edessa.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>St. Jude&#8217;s and St. Simon the Zealot&#8217;s bodies were eventually interred in St. Peter&#8217;s, in Rome. Or somewhere else. Fact is, we don&#8217;t know much about either.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-the-apostle\/#3\">3<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-black-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-black-background-color has-background is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"letter\"><\/a>A Letter From &#8220;Jude, &#8230; Brother of James&#8221;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Epistle_of_Jude\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20220711ff\/20220809-P078-Jud-1_4-5-POxy2684-III-IV-658.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Anonymous photographer's image: Papyrus 78, a fragment containing the verses 4, 5, 7 and 8 of the Epistle of Jude; currently at Sackler Library, in Oxford. (ca. 3rd or 4th century)\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">A fragment from a copy of The Letter of Jude. (ca. 3rd or 4th century)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The Letter of Jude starts conventionally enough, identifying the writer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;Jude, a slave of Jesus Christ and brother of James, to those who are called, beloved in God the Father and kept safe for Jesus Christ:&#8221;<br>(<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.usccb.org\/bible\/jude\/1?1#73001001\">Jude 1:1<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>But, as I said before, &#8220;Jude&#8221; is what Y&#8217;hudah \u2014 a common name back in the day \u2014 looks like when it&#8217;s transliterated into my language. Except when it&#8217;s rendered as Judas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This particular Jude may be Jude, brother (cousin or some other relative) of Jesus. And that Jude probably isn&#8217;t Jude the Apostle, who&#8217;s &#8220;Judas the son of James&#8221; in The Gospel According to Luke.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;Is he not the carpenter&#8217;s son? Is not his mother named Mary and his brothers James, Joseph, Simon, and Judas?&#8221;<br>(<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.usccb.org\/bible\/matthew\/13#48013055\">Matthew 13:55<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;When day came, he called his disciples to himself, and from them he chose Twelve, whom he also named apostles:<br>&#8220;Simon, whom he named Peter, and his brother Andrew, James, John, Philip, Bartholomew,<br>&#8220;Matthew, Thomas, James the son of Alphaeus, Simon who was called a Zealot,<br>&#8220;<strong>and Judas the son of James,<\/strong> and Judas Iscariot, who became a traitor.&#8221; <br>(<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.usccb.org\/bible\/luke\/6#50006013\">Luke 6:13<\/a>&#8211;<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.usccb.org\/bible\/luke\/6#50006016\">16<\/a>) [emphasis mine]<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>On the other hand, maybe Jude the Apostle had good reason to remind the letter&#8217;s recipients that he was &#8220;&#8230;and brother of James&#8221;, rather than flashing his Apostle credentials.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Small wonder we&#8217;ve got ongoing discussions over who wrote The Letter of Jude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I could let that \u2014 and the very minimal information we have about St. Jude the Apostle, St. Peter the Zealot, along with exactly when The Letter of Jude was written \u2014 bother me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But I won&#8217;t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I&#8217;ll grant that it&#8217;d be interesting, maybe useful, to know whether St. Jude the Apostle wrote The Letter of Jude, or whether the Jude who wrote the letter was so obscure that he identified himself by reference to his more famous relative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;d also be interesting, maybe useful, to know exactly when The Letter of Jude was written.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I gather that many academics say it must have been written later than either Jude\/Judas the Apostle or Jude the brother of James.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mainly, I gather, because the letter refers to stuff that was happening during and after the late 1st century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Specifically, the problems folks were having with what St. Irenaeus called &#8220;he legomene gnostike haeresis:&#8221; &#8220;the heresy called Learned (Gnostic)&#8221;, or &#8220;the sect called Learned&#8221;, or something like that.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-the-apostle\/#4\">4<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"beliefs\"><\/a>Beliefs, Assumptions and Jude&#8217;s Letter<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/gnosticism\/#time\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20160719ff\/20161130-450px-Aristoteles_Louvre-329.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Eric Gaba's photo: Imperial Roman bust of Aristotle (ca. 1st or 2nd century A.D.); copied from a lost bronze sculpture made by Lysippos.\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Imperial Roman bust of Aristotle. (ca. 1st or 2nd century A.D.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Maybe so, but The Letter of Jude doesn&#8217;t mention Gnosticism specifically, using that word. If it did, that&#8217;d be evidence that it had been written during or after the 17th century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That&#8217;s when Henry More, a Cambridge Platonist, took an ancient Greek word and plopped it into English.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I&#8217;ve seen Gnosticism labeled as a Christian and Jewish idea and\/or heresy.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There&#8217;s something to that, since self-identified Christians have acted as if they thought God made a horrible mistake by creating a physical reality as well as the &#8216;nice&#8217; spiritual stuff.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I don&#8217;t see it that way. But then, I haven&#8217;t seen a reason for arguing with God:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;God looked at everything he had made, and found it very good. Evening came, and morning followed\u2014the sixth day.&#8221;<br> (<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.usccb.org\/bible\/genesis\/1#01001031\">Genesis 1:31<\/a>))<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Gnosticism is a catch-all category for the idea that folks with spiritual knowledge are special and the material world is icky. Or unimportant, at any rate. It got traction in the late first century and took off in the second.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If that sort of religious fastidiousness and\/or license popped up out of nowhere, The Letter of Jude would have to have been written after the late first century.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But I suspect that current flavors of Gnosticism are rebrandings of Platonism, with roots going back to at least the Axial Age. And that&#8217;s another topic.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-the-apostle\/#5\">5<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In any case, St. Jude&#8217;s letter is none too clear about exactly what the folks who &#8220;revile what they do not understand&#8221; called themselves. (<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.usccb.org\/bible\/jude\/1#73001010\">Jude 1:10<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-black-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-black-background-color has-background is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"saints\"><\/a>Saints, Emperors, and Our Heritage of Faith<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Fire_of_Rome\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20190506ff\/20190611-746px-Robert_Hubert_-_Incendie_a_Rome_--658.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Hubert Rober's 'The Fire of Rome\/Incendie \u00e0 Rome.' (1785)\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">&#8220;The Fire of Rome&#8221;, July 64 A.D., by Hubert Rober. (1785)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>So, how come we know so little about St. Jude the Apostle, AKA Jude Thaddeus? And why isn&#8217;t the authorship and provenance of The Letter of Jude well-documented?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>My guess is that if Judas, son of James, and all the rest had known how important those details would be to English-speaking scholars of the 20th and 21st centuries, then they might have kept scrupulous records. And their successors would have preserved those records.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Or maybe they wouldn&#8217;t have. Or couldn&#8217;t have. The point is, they didn&#8217;t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But the Apostles and their successors <strong>have<\/strong> been passing along what <strong>is<\/strong> important.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;In the beginning was the Word,<br> and the Word was with God,<br> and the Word was God.<br> &#8220;He was in the beginning with God.<br> &#8220;All things came to be through him,<br> &#8220;and without him nothing came to be.<br> What came to be<br> &#8220;through him was life,<br> and this life was the light of the human race;<br> &#8220;the light shines in the darkness,<br> and the darkness has not overcome it.&#8221; <br>(<a href=\"https:\/\/bible.usccb.org\/bible\/john\/1#51001001\">John 1:1<\/a><a>&#8211;<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/bible.usccb.org\/bible\/john\/1#51001005\">5<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"passing\"><\/a>Passing Along What We Received<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/infallibility\/#divine\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20170501ff\/20170603-Holy_Spirit_as_Dove_-detail-329.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Gian Lorenzo Bernini's 'Dove of the Holy Spirit,' stained glass over the Throne of St. Peter, St. Peter's Basilica, Vatican. (ca. 1660)\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Bernini&#8217;s &#8220;Dove of the Holy Spirit&#8221;: stained glass over the Throne of St. Peter.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>What&#8217;s important \u2014 is Jesus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Bible, the Magisterium and Tradition? Those matter, too. That&#8217;s Tradition, with a capital &#8220;T&#8221;, which isn&#8217;t trying to live as if it&#8217;s 1947, 1066 or whatever.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our capital &#8220;T&#8221; tradition is the Apostolic Tradition. It&#8217;s a &#8220;living transmission, accomplished in the Holy Spirit&#8221;, passed along from the Apostles. (Catechism of the Catholic Church, 75-79)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our heritage of faith also includes the Bible and the Magisterium. All of which interact. (Catechism, 74-95)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Magisterium is the Church&#8217;s teaching authority, which came from Jesus; and is maintained through the Holy Spirit. (Catechism, 85-87)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reading, studying and understanding the Bible is literally Catholicism 101. (Catechism, 101-133)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But it&#8217;s not just &#8216;the Bible and me&#8217;. I&#8217;ve talked about that before.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-the-apostle\/#6\">6<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"roman\"><\/a>Roman Law, Dead Emperors, and Beliefs<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Siege_of_Masada\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20220318ff\/20220412-Israel-2013-Aerial_21-Masada-329.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Godot13's photo of Masada, in the Judaean Desert, with the Dead Sea in the distance. (March 28, 2013)\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Masada, in the Judaean Desert.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Again, the Apostles might have kept detailed accounts of who did what and where.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>They could have saved those records, too. If they&#8217;d been living in an ideal world. But they didn&#8217;t and they weren&#8217;t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Their homeland was occupied territory, held by the Roman Empire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That wasn&#8217;t, as I see it, entirely bad news.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Like the Republic before it, the Roman Empire was run by very religious and very tolerant folks. By their standards.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Roman emperors had no problem with imperial subjects worshiping however and whatever they liked.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As long as they obeyed Roman law, paid their taxes and followed whatever beliefs their ancestors had.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Roman emperors did, however, have a problem with Christians. And Jews.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pretty much everyone else was willing, sometimes grudgingly, to add dead emperors to their roster of deities.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The Roman imperial cult wasn&#8217;t exactly like its analogs in, say, Egypt. But an up-front blending of religious and secular authority was a familiar part of the ancient political landscape.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jews and Christians were \u2014 unaccountably, from a Roman viewpoint \u2014 unwilling to acknowledge the deity of deceased emperors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What impresses me isn&#8217;t that eradicating Christians happened sporadically, until Constantine decriminalized our faith.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;s that Roman officials weren&#8217;t consistently trying to stamp out what must have seemed like a subversive anti-Roman movement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Speaking of Constantine and Christianity, I think his decision made sense; and that Emperor Theodosius I did us no favors by making Christianity a state religion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I see how that looked like a good idea at the time. But legitimate ideas about authority and law morphed into notions like the divine right of kings.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That, decisions by folks like England&#8217;s Henry VIII and Louis XIV of France, plus centuries of religion-themed propaganda, made a mess we&#8217;ll be cleaning up for centuries. And that&#8217;s yet another topic.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-the-apostle\/#7\">7<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"class\"><\/a>&#8220;A Class Hated for Their Abominations&#8221;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Fire_of_Rome#Aftermath\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20220711ff\/20220812-Siemiradski_Fackeln-658.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Henryk Siemiradzki's 'Nero's Torches.' (1876)\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">&#8220;Nero&#8217;s Torches&#8221;, by Henryk Siemiradzki. (1876)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The year before Saints Jude Thaddeus and Simon the Zealot were executed, fire broke out in a retail district near Rome&#8217;s Circus Maximus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some Romans evacuated the area. Others tried putting the quickly-spreading blaze out, while still others looted abandoned structures and occasionally lit new fires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Six days later, the fire was out. Temporarily. Then, three days after the fire&#8217;s second burn started, Romans began clearing rubble, rebuilding, and finding someone to blame.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Roman politics was more volatile than contemporary America&#8217;s. We <strong>have<\/strong> learned a bit over the last couple millennia, and I&#8217;ve said that before. Often.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>According to records we have of the fire and its aftermath, opinion was divided.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some folks said Nero hired arsonists, then sang while playing a lyre as he watched the fire from his Palatine Hill palace. Or from the Tower of Maecenas on the Esquiline Hill, or that he was singing on a private stage somewhere.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That&#8217;s a nifty story, but others acknowledged that Nero was out of town, in Antium, when the fire started. And that the fire was an accident.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But blaming Nero was popular, at least in some circles. Which may be why Nero said Christians started the blaze, since &#8216;everybody knows&#8217; what <strong>they&#8217;re<\/strong> like.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>&#8220;&#8230;ergo abolendo rumori Nero subdidit reos et quaesitissimis poenis adfecit, quos per flagitia invisos vulgus Chrestianos appellabat. &#8230; igitur primum correpti qui fatebantur, deinde indicio eorum multitudo ingens haud proinde in crimine incendii quam odio humani generis convicti sunt.&#8221; <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;&#8230;Consequently, to get rid of the report, Nero fastened the guilt and inflicted the most exquisite tortures on a class hated for their abominations, called Christians by the populace. &#8230; Accordingly, an arrest was first made of all who pleaded guilty; then, upon their information, an immense multitude was convicted, not so much of the crime of firing the city, as of hatred against mankind.&#8221; <br> (&#8220;Annals&#8221;, 15.44, Tacitus (14-68 A.D.) translation by A. J. Church and W. J. Brodribb (1876) via <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tacitus_on_Jesus\">Wikipedia<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>I get the idea that Tacitus wasn&#8217;t a fan of either Nero or those Christians. I also think that post-Enlightenment academic efforts to sort out what actually happened \u2014 have been influenced by fallout from events like the Thirty Year&#8217;s War and Beeldenstorm.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-the-apostle\/#8\">8<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"patron\"><\/a>Patron Saints<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-patricks-day-prickly-problems-shamrocks-and-saints\/#saints\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20170306ff\/20170401-St._Edmund_Arrowsmith-329.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Saint Edmund Arrowsmith; from The Arrowsmith House, via Wikimedia Commons, used w\/o permission. (1628)\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">St. Edmund Arrowsmith.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Thanks in part to the policies of folks like Nero, we&#8217;ve got Christians who became Saints because they wouldn&#8217;t play ball with some secular leader.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But a messy death isn&#8217;t what makes them Saints, it&#8217;s that they showed &#8220;heroic virtue&#8221;, and &#8220;lived in fidelity to God\u2019s grace\u2026.&#8221; (Catechism, 828)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some Saints, like St. Francis of Assisi, are so high-profile that many non-Catholics know about them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Some, like St. Edmund Arrowsmith, aren&#8217;t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>St. Jude, AKA St. Jude Thaddeus, is arguably toward the high-profile end of the &#8216;awareness&#8217; spectrum.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I&#8217;ll admit to a bias. I know about St. Jude in part because he&#8217;s the patron Saint of, among other things including Armenia and St. Petersburg, Florida \u2014 I&#8217;ll start that again.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>St. Jude is the patron Saint of desperate situations. And hospitals.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A patron Saint is someone who has shown heroic virtue by living as if Jesus matters, and who has died. That, and canonization, makes the person a recognized Saint.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The &#8220;patron&#8221; part of the &#8220;patron Saint&#8221; designation is that they&#8217;ve got a reputation for being an advocate for some place or occupation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I started a &#8220;novena to St. Jude&#8221; earlier this month, praying on behalf of someone else.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And that brings me to one of the few things I don&#8217;t like about my native language.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><a name=\"prayer\"><\/a>Prayer<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"alignright\"><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/changing-my-daily-prayers\/#what\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/brendans-island.com\/blogsource\/20190916ff\/20191028-AdorationChapelStPaulA-329.jpg?w=640&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"Sauk Centre Adoration chapel: 'Quiet please, prayer in progress.'\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Sign outside Sauk Centre, Minnesota, Adoration chapel. (2019)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>I&#8217;ve been &#8220;praying to&#8221; St. Jude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That most emphatically does <strong>not<\/strong> mean that I&#8217;ve been treating the Apostle as if he&#8217;s God.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In my dialect of English &#8220;praying to&#8221; a Saint means that I&#8217;m asking the Saint to pray <strong>for<\/strong> me, on my behalf: the same way I&#8217;m asked to pray for someone else.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Asking Saints to pray for us is a good idea. &#8220;&#8230;We can and should ask them to intercede for us and for the whole world.&#8221; (Catechism, 2683)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And my getting around to mentioning St. Jude the Apostle is long overdue. I asked him to put in a word for me and my family, decades back, when we were in \u2014 maybe not a desperate situation, but one in which I felt very close to being &#8220;helpless and alone.&#8221;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We got out of that situation, moved here to Sauk Centre, Minnesota; and I&#8217;m finally getting around to &#8220;gratefully encouraging devotion&#8221; to St. Jude.<sup><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-the-apostle\/#9\">9<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It&#8217;s taken me years to get around to editing and posting this page. Procrastination can be a very real problem and that&#8217;s \u2014 yep, that&#8217;s yet again another topic.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>More of the same, more or less:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-judas-thaddaeus-patron-saint-of-desperate-cases\/\">St. Jude, Judas Thaddaeus: Patron Saint of Desperate Cases<\/a>&#8221; <br>[The original, and longer, version of this page]<br>(August 13, 2022)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/history-viewpoints-narratives-and-ancient-rome\/\">History, Viewpoints, Narratives and Ancient Rome<\/a>&#8221; <br>(July 2, 2022)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/easter-parades-eggs-and-the-best-news-ever\/\">Parades, Eggs, and the Best News Ever<\/a>&#8221; <br>(April 16, 2022)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/jesus-human-on-his-mothers-side-the-incarnation\/\">Jesus, Human on His Mother&#8217;s Side: the Incarnation<\/a>&#8221; <br>(December 25, 2021)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-patricks-day-prickly-problems-shamrocks-and-saints\/\">St. Patrick\u2019s Day: Prickly Problems, Shamrocks and Saints<\/a>&#8221; <br>(March 13, 2021)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-black-color has-alpha-channel-opacity has-black-background-color has-background is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a name=\"1\"><\/a>1<\/sup> Names and a little history:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wikipedia\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Alexander_the_Great\">Alexander the Great<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galilee\">Galilee<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Galilee#Classical_antiquity\">Classical antiquity<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Judaea_(Roman_province)\">Judaea (Roman province)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Judah_(given_name)\">Judah (given name)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Judas_Iscariot\">Judas Iscariot<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jude_the_Apostle\">Jude the Apostle<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ministry_of_Jesus\">Ministry of Jesus<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus\">New Testament places associated with Jesus<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Transliteration\">Transliteration<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.academia.edu\/27951690\/Discontinuity_of_Jewish_Naming_Traditions\">Discontinuity of Jewish Naming Traditions<\/a>&#8221; <br>Alexander Beider, AVOTAYNU, Volume XXVIII, Number 2, (Summer 2012)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>United States of America federal government\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.census.gov\/geographies\/reference-files\/time-series\/geo\/name-lookup-tables.html\">Name Lookup Tables<\/a> (Census)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ssa.gov\/oact\/babynames\/state\/\">Popular Names by State<\/a> (SSA)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/digitalcommons.augustana.edu\/cgi\/viewcontent.cgi?article=1340&amp;context=swensonsag\">Swedish Personal Names in America<\/a>&#8221; <br>Folke Hedblom, Swedish American Genealogist (March 1985)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a name=\"2\"><\/a>2<\/sup> Names and terms in context:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wikipedia\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jude_the_Apostle\">Jude the Apostle<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Letter of Jude, <a href=\"https:\/\/bible.usccb.org\/bible\/jude\/0\">Introduction<\/a>, New American Bible<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.newadvent.org\/cathen\/02767a.htm\">The Brethren of the Lord<\/a><br>Catholic Encyclopedia, via New Advent<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a name=\"3\"><\/a>3<\/sup> Saints, readings and a place:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wikipedia\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edessa\">Edessa<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Jude_the_Apostle\">Jude the Apostle<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Saint_Peter\">Saint Peter<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Simon_the_Zealot\">Simon the Zealot<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/bible.usccb.org\/readings\/calendar\">Daily Readings Calendar<\/a>, USCCB (United States Conference of Catholic Bishops)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/bible.usccb.org\/bible\/readings\/102822.cfm\">October 28, 2022<\/a> Feast of Saints Simon and Jude, Apostles<br>Ephesians 2:19-22; Luke 6:12-16<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a name=\"4\"><\/a>4<\/sup> A durable idea and a Saint:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wikipedia\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gnosticism\">Gnosticism<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Irenaeus\">Irenaeus<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a name=\"5\"><\/a>5<\/sup> History with a philosophical slant:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wikipedia\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Axial_Age\">Axial Age<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gnosis\">Gnosis<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gnosticism\">Gnosticism<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_More\">Henry More<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Platonism\">Platonism<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Valentinianism\">Valentinianism<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/gnosticism\/\">Gnosticism<\/a>&#8220;<br>(April 21, 2018)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a name=\"6\"><\/a>6<\/sup> Background:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wikipedia\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Bible\">Bible<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usccb.org\/bible\/understanding-the-bible\">Understanding the Bible<\/a><br>Mary Elizabeth Sperry, Associate Director for Utilization of the New American Bible, USCCB (United States Conference of Catholic Bishops)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>My take, in part\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/evolution-science-religion-opinions-and-me\/\">Evolution: Science, Religion, Opinions and Me<\/a>&#8221; (August 28, 2021)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/evolution-science-religion-opinions-and-me\/#taking\">Taking the Bible Seriously<\/a>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/evolution-science-religion-opinions-and-me\/#being\">Being Catholic<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/infallibility\/\">Infallibility?<\/a>&#8221; (July 30, 2017)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/infallibility\/#divine\">&#8220;Divine Assistance&#8221;<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a name=\"7\"><\/a>7<\/sup> Apostles, kings and religion:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wikipedia\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament\">Apostles in the New Testament<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Henry_VIII\">Henry VIII<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Louis_XIV\">Louis XIV<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Pharaoh\">Pharaoh<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Religion_in_ancient_Rome\">Religion in ancient Rome<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Roman_imperial_cult\">Roman imperial cult<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/State_church_of_the_Roman_Empire\">State church of the Roman Empire<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>I have reasons for not missing &#8216;the good old days&#8217; \n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/faustus-good-angel-bad-angel-parma-and-politics\/\">Faustus: Good Angel, Bad Angel, Parma and Politics<\/a>&#8221; (January 29, 2022)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/christopher-marlowe-and-his-world\/#propaganda\">Propaganda and Weaponized Pietism<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a name=\"8\"><\/a>8<\/sup> Remembering Rome flambe:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wikipedia\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Annals_(Tacitus)\">Annals (Tacitus)<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Beeldenstorm\">Beeldenstorm<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Great_Fire_of_Rome\">Great Fire of Rome<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nero\">Nero<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tacitus_on_Jesus\">Tacitus on Jesus<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Persecution_of_Christians_in_the_Roman_Empire\">Persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thirty_Years%27_War\">Thirty Years&#8217; War<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><sup><a name=\"9\"><\/a>9<\/sup> More Saints:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Wikipedia\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Canonization\">Canonization<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Edmund_Arrowsmith\">Edmund Arrowsmith<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Francis_of_Assisi\">Francis of Assisi<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Patron_saint\">Patron saint<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Thomas_More\">Thomas More<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.usccb.org\/prayer-and-worship\/prayers-and-devotions\/saints\">Saints<\/a><br>USCCB (United States Conference of Catholic Bishops)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>My view, and one of my favorite holidays\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>&#8220;<a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-patricks-day-prickly-problems-shamrocks-and-saints\/\">St. Patrick&#8217;s Day: Prickly Problems, Shamrocks and Saints<\/a>&#8221; (March 13, 2021)\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-patricks-day-prickly-problems-shamrocks-and-saints\/#saints\">Saints<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ewtn.com\/catholicism\/devotions\/novena-to-st-jude--desperate-situations-and-hopeless-cases-305\">Novena to St. Jude \u2014 Desperate Situations and Hopeless Cases<\/a><br>EWTN Global Catholic Network<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>I&#8217;ve been including St. Jude the Apostle in my daily prayers for some time now, and finally got around to sharing something about this Saint, Saints in general, and how they fit into my beliefs. Judas, \u05d9\u05b0\u05d4\u05d5\u05bc\u05d3\u05b8\u05d4, Jude, Y&#8217;hudah: Names &hellip; <a href=\"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/st-jude-the-apostle\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"advanced_seo_description":"A quick overview of Saint Jude the Apostle, Saints, prayer, history, and being a Catholic.","jetpack_seo_html_title":"St. Jude the Apostle","jetpack_seo_noindex":false,"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-9287","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/P7Dwtw-2pN","jetpack_likes_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9287","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9287"}],"version-history":[{"count":20,"href":"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9287\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9394,"href":"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/9287\/revisions\/9394"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/brendans-island.com\/catholic-citizen\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9287"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}